western civ ch 21??? Flashcards
ur mom
industrialization drove changes in
-labor practices
-economic ideologies
-emergence of a new working class of people
-the mass migration of laborers to the urban centers
led to the key inventions which drove the development of the industrial revolution
textile industry
a Scottish engineer; developed an efficient steam engine in 1776
James watt
England became the first site of the industrial revolution for 3 key factors
-private investment capital from overseas trade and commercial profits
-access to raw materials, namely cotton
-necessary natural resources at home such as coal and iron
working class referred to
laborers in the new factories
labor union goals will always be
-safe and sanitary working conditions
-a decent wage
-standard work week
urbanization
the growth of towns and cities due to the movement of people from rural to urban areas
because people did not understand the causes of cholera and typhus epidemics,
authorities in most European countries set up public health agencies to coordinate and study sanitation conditions in cities
in the 1830s cities half the populations depended on …?… to make ends meet
public welfare, charity, or criminality
Charles dickens books reflect the difficult times
-oliver twist
-a christmas carol
reformers depicted the lower classes as:
drunken, disorderly, and dangerously lacking in sexual self-control
a coherent set of beliefs about the way the social and political order should be organized
ideology
a people derive their identities from their nations; the most potent of all the new ideologies
nationalism
socialism
social, political, and economic doctrine that calls for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources essential to society
an ideology that advocates for the elimination/abolition of private property in favor of communal ownership
communism
in 1848 …?… published the communist manifesto
Karl Marx and Friedrich engels
Karl marx’s central argument
class struggle
according to Marx, class inequality; the means of production
the haves versus the have nots
Marx and Engels envisioned workers
taking over the means of production and the eventual development of a communist state
Charles Darwin; English naturalist; in 1859
on the origin of species
primary mechanism of evolution
natural selection
darwin’s theory primarily applies to
plants and animals
theory; …?… wholeheartedly embraced it as undisputed fact
the academic elite
without …?… morality is now more fluid
absolutes of Christianity
