western civ ch 16 Flashcards
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an ardent believer in the divine right of kings; system of absolute monarchical rule
Louis XIV
a series of revolts between 1648-1653 known as the Fronde the conflict began in…
1648 when Cardinal Mazarin levied a tax on judicial offices; when they refused to pay and demanded the right to approve new taxes, he had the leaders arrested
the Fronde’s goal
was to protect their ancient liberties from royal encroachments; not overthrow the king
results of the Fronde
Louis centralized the army under his direct control
the gardens reflected the spirit of Louis XIV’s rule, their geometrical arrangement and clear lines showed… (2)
-that art and design could tame nature
-that order and control defined the exercise of power
absolutism
a system of government in which the ruler claims sole and uncontestable power
Louis will achieve absolutism by making everyone dependent upon him; using a systematic policy of:
bestowing pensions, offices, honors (titles of nobility), gifts, and the threat of disfavor or punishment
nobility of the sword
family members, princes, old military based nobility
intendants
holders of a public administrative office
intendants performed 3 main functions
-collection of taxes
-financing of public projects
-provisioning of the army
mercantilism
governments must intervene to increase national wealth by whatever means possible
Louis XIV will embark on a series of wars that will earn him the nickname
The Christian Turk
the war of Spanish succession
Charles II (king of spain) died, leaving no male heir; attempted to unify the French and the Spanish crowns and controlled a vast empire
Frederick William Hohenzollern; unlike Louis, he recognized
noble dominance over the land in exchange for state service
true contribution to absolutism in Frederick’s realm was the
quadrupling of his army
Parliament’s most indispensible power
was its ability to raise tax revenues far in excess of all other sources of revenue at the crown’s disposal
because england had no single constitutional document …?… regulated relations between King and Parliament
a variety of laws, judicial divisions, charters, petitions, and customary procedures
the scots riot and then invade england
archbishop of Canterbury issued the “Book of Common Prayer” to enforce uniform rules of worship in England, Scotland, and Wales
The Long Parliament passed 3 laws in order to place limits on the king’s absolute monarchical rule:
-parliament should convene once every 3 years
-made it illegal for the king to impose taxes without parliamentary consent
-parliament passed a law forbidding the king to dissolve it without its consent
fought for parliament
roundheads
fought for the king
cavaliers
levellers
who wanted to “level” social differences and extend political participation to all male property owners
Charles I was found guilty
of attempting to establish, “an unlimited and tyrannical power”
The Cromwellian rump parliament then abolished the monarchy and the house of Lords and set up a puritan Republic known as the
Commonwealth of England
