WESTERN AND EASTERN Flashcards

1
Q

reported that people are shaped by their culture and their culture is also shaped by them.

A

Fiske, Kitayama , Markus and Nisbett (1998)

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2
Q

He defines Western concept of self as a “bounded, unique, more or less integrated motivational and cognitive universe; a dynamic center of awareness, emotion, judgment, and action organized into a distinctive whole and set contrastively both against other such wholes and against a social and natural background..”

A

Geertz

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3
Q
  • The western way of thinking is analytic-deductive with emphasis on the causal links (part-to-whole-relationships).
  • The whole is understood when differentiated into parts.
  • One must categorize and make distinctions to pursue cause
A

Western self as analytic

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4
Q
  • The tendency toward unitary explanations of phenomena and a closed-system view of “self” as modeled after a unitary, omnipotent power (“Man was created by God, in His image.”)
  • Genesis 1:27: So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.
A

Western self as monotheistic

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5
Q
  • It is deeply aware of itself, its uniqueness, sense of direction, purpose and volition.
  • It is located at the center within the individual through which the world is perceived.
  • It is seen as an entity distinct from other selves and all other entities.
A

Western self as individualistic

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6
Q

The western way of thinking is focused on material “things” and favors a rational-empirical approach over magical and superstitious explanations of immaterial “things”.

A

Western self as materialistic and rationalistic

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7
Q

traces the earliest historical roots of the western concept of self to works on philosophy, almost half a million years ago.

A

Frank johnson (1985)

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8
Q

has provided answers to philosophical questions about the concepts of soul and mind

A

psychology

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8
Q

hinduism text

A

vedas

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9
Q

is the self that is all within us; the true nature of human

A

Brahman

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10
Q

(soul or spirit), the true knowledge of self is identical to brahman

A

atman

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11
Q

is the result of failure to realize the distinction between the true self and non true self

A

human suffering

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12
Q

(permanent and unchanging)

A

true self

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13
Q

(impermanent and changes continually).

A

non-true self

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14
Q

(most important doctrine). ” Individual actions will lead to either good or bad outcomes in one’s life. People get exactly what they deserve.

A

The law of karma

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15
Q

founder of buddhism

A

Siddharta Gautama

16
Q

budh root word

A

awake

17
Q

(no-self or no-soul) or the sense of being a permanent, autonomous soul is an illusion. Man has no self (no-soul).

A

Anatta

18
Q

is a dynamic process, interdependent and ever changing.

A

self

19
Q

There is nothing permanent but

A

change

20
Q

is the cause of life’s misery, births and rebirths.

A

primal ignorance

21
Q

confucianism text

A

analects

22
Q

GOLDEN RULE OR THE PRINCIPLE OF RECIPROCITY (DO NOT DO TO OTHERS WHAT YOU WOULD NOT WANT OTHERS TO DO TO YOU).

A

confucianism

23
Q

(GOODWILL, SYMPATHY TOWARD OTHERS, POLITENESS AND GENEROSITY)

A

JEN

24
Q

(RIGHTNESS AND THE RESPECT OF DUTY)

A

YI

25
Q

(RIGHT TO PRACTICE PROPERIETY IN ALL THAT YOU DO)

A

LI

26
Q

(WISDOM WHICH CAN BE EXPRESSED BY PUTTING JEN, YI AND LI INTO PRACTICE)

A

CHIH

27
Q

IS COMMONLY REGARDED AS NATURE THAT IS THE FOUNDATION OF ALL THAT EXISTS. IT IS NOT BOUNDED BY TIME AND SPACE.

A

TAO

28
Q
  • Value personal goals over group
  • Emphasizes personal achievements and interests
A

Individualistic self

29
Q

Deep love and concern for family One’s family is the source of personal identity, the source of emotional and material support

A

Collective self

30
Q

mental processes that perceive one’s own traits or behavior (“I am honest”)

A

Private

31
Q

generalized view of self (“People think I am honest”)

A

Public

32
Q

view of self in collective concept (“My family expects me to be honest”)

A

Collective

33
Q

(blowing out), a state of transcendence devoid of self-reference (can be achieved through meditation).

A

Nirvana