LESSON 4 Flashcards
they reported that people are shaped by their culture and their culture is also shaped by them.
Fiske, Kitayama , Markus and Nisbett (1998)
he defines the western concept of self as a “bounded, unique, more or less integrated motivational and cognitive universe; a dynamic center of awareness, emotion, judgment, and action organized into a distinctive whole and set contrastively both against other such wholes and against a social and natural background.”
Geertz
The western way of thinking is________ with emphasis on the ________ (part-to-whole-relationships)
analytic-deductive, casual links
the tendency toward unitary explanations of phenomena and a closed-system view of “self” as modeled after a unitary, omnipotent power (“Man was created by God, in His image.”)
Western self as monotheistic
are important ways of establishing who one is, as well as in finding satisfaction in the world.
self-expression and self-actualization
- It is deeply aware of itself, its uniqueness, sense of direction, purpose and volition.
- It is located at the center within the individual through which the world is perceived.
- It is seen as an entity distinct from other selves and all other entities.
Western self as individualistic
The western way of thinking is focused on material “things” and favors a rational-empirical approach over magical and superstitious explanations of immaterial “things”.
Western self as materialistic and rationalistic
he traces the earliest historical roots of the western concept of self to works on philosophy,
Frank johnson (1985)
By the middle and 19TH centuries, ________ has provided answers to philosophical questions about the concepts of ______ and ______.
Psychology, soul and mind
The growth of ________, _______ and ________ in the late 19th century saw the emergence of various concepts of self, among them the western concept.
sociology, anthropology and psychology
In the east, philosophy and religion are _________.
twisted together
For this reason, the eastern thought is described as pluralistic is said by?
Grace (2013)
For this reason, the eastern thought is described as pluralistic
Anatta
is the cause of life’s misery, births and rebirths.
primal ignorance
its text is VEDAS. and its GOAL is: “Change your perception of the world to perceive the Brahman in oneself and others.”
hinduism
is the self that is all within us; the true nature of human
Brahman
(soul or spirit), the true knowledge of self is identical to brahman
atman
is the result of failuRe to realize the distinction between the true self and non-true self
Human suffering
Permanent and unchanging
True Self
impermanent and changes continually
non-true self
(most important doctrine).
The law of karma
Founder of buddhism
Siddharta Gautama
It means awake
Budh
- Every person has the seed of enlightenment.
- Opening of eyes would lead to understanding more about the self and the world.
Buddhism
(no-self or no-soul) or the sense of being a permanent, autonomous soul is an illusion. Man has no self (no-soul).
Anatta
4 noble truths (basic principles)
- Life is suffering
- Suffering is caused by attachment to desires
- Suffering can be eliminated
- Elimination of suffering is through the practice of the eightfold path
is the cause of life’s misery, births and rebirths
primal ignorance
- its texts is ANALECTS
- its core of thought is GOLDEN RULE OR THE PRINCIPLE OF RECIPROCITY
Confucianism
“self is formed through upbringing and the environment.”
Confucianism
is an achieved state of moral excellence rather than a given human condition.
Personality
Self is deeply embedded within the ____ and ____.
family and society
It rejects the confucianism idea of a relational self
Taoism
self is an extension of the cosmos, not of social relationships.
taoism
leads to a balanced life, in harmony with both nature and society
selfless person
they believe that simplicity, spontaneity and harmony with nature should govern one’s self
taoism
- Value personal goals over group
- Emphasizes personal achievements and interests
Individualistic self
- Deep love and concern for family
- One’s family is the source of personal identity, the source of emotional and material support
Collective self
mental processes that perceive one’s own traits or behavior (“I am honest”)
Private
generalized view of self (“People think I am honest”)
Public
view of self in collective concept (“My family expects me to be honest”)
Collective
private self predominates
Individualistic culture
collective self predominates
Collective culture
goodwill, sympathy toward others, politeness and generosity
Jen
rightness and the respect of duty
Yi
Right to practice properiety in all that you do
Li
wisdom which can be expressed by putting jen, yi, and li into practice
CHIH
