THE SELF Flashcards
When our parents call our names, we were taught to respond to them because:
- Our NAMES represent WHO WE ARE.
- Our NAMES designate us in the world.
- Our NAMES signify us.
It is an important study in Psychology. Self is either the COGNITIVE (intellectual activity) or the AFFECTIVE (feelings) representation.
Self
Aspects of Self
SELF-AWARENESS
SELF-ESTEEM
SELF-KNOWLEDGE
SELF-PERCEPTION
PERSPECTIVES ABOUT SELF
PHILOSOPHY
SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
WESTERN/ EASTEST THOUGHT
- He is known for his Socratic method (asking questions to test an idea)
- He questioned views and beliefs (Athenian) which offended the leaders
- He was accused of impiety or lack of reverence for the gods and for corrupting the minds of the youth
- He was sentenced to death (poison)
SOCRATES
Man are composed of:
- BODY
- SOUL
“I Know That I Don’t Know”
SOCRATES
- Student of Socrates
- Supported Socrates’ idea of the dualistic nature of man (Soul and body):
- Soul being the most divine aspect
PLATO
3 components of soul
Rationalistic
Spirited
Appetitive
reason and intellect
Rationalistic
emotions
Spirited
desires like eating, drinking, sleeping, coitus
Appetitive
“Balance Between Mind and Body”
PLATO
- Influenced by Plato’s ideas
- Latin Father and Christian Thinker
ST. AUGUSTINE
“All Knowledge Leads to God.”
ST. AUGUSTINE
- French Philosopher, and Mathematician, Father of Modern Philosophy
RENE DESCARTES
is the principal tool of disciplined inquiry.
Doubt
- Conscious thinking substance that is unaffected by time
- known only to itself
- Not made up of parts
Soul
- Material, changes through time
- Can be doubted, can be corrected
- Made up of physical quantifiable parts
Body
“I Think, Therefore, I Am.”
RENE DESCARTES
- Philosopher and Physician
- One of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers
JOHN LOCKE
“Human mind at birth is a tabula rasa which means that knowledge is derived from experience.”
JOHN LOCKE
- Scottish Philosopher, Economist and Historian
- Fierce Opponent of Descartes’ Rationalism; Proponent of Empiricism
DAVID HUME
most strong, with most force, directly experienced
Impressions
less forcible, copy and reproduce data formulated based upon the previously perceived perceptions
Ideas
”All Knowledge is Derived from Human Senses.”
DAVID HUME
- German Philosopher
- Contributed in Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics and Aesthetics
IMMANUEL KANT
is the mental process of assimilating an idea to the body of ideas he possesses
Apperception
Components of Self:
Inner Self
Outer Self
aware of alterations; intellect and psychological state, interprets and expresses
Inner Self
senses and the physical world, gathers information
Outer Self
“Reason is the final authority of morality. Morality is achieved only when there is absence of war because of the result of enlightenment.”
Immanuel Kant
- Philosopher, Physiologist and Psychologist
- Father of Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
is the totality of the human mind, conscious and unconscious.
Psyche
awareness of present perceptions, feelings, thoughts, memories, and fantasies at any particular moment
Conscious
related to the data that can readily be brought to consciousness
Pre-conscious or Subconscious
refers to the data retained but not available to the individual’s conscious awareness or scrutiny
Unconscious
provoking drives that is socially or ethically unacceptable to the individual
source of anxiety
pleasure principle, biological component
Id
reality principle, psychological component, mediator between the demands of Id and Superego, should be in firm or flexible control
Ego
moral principle, social component
Superego
makes you guilty when the ego gives in to the demands of the Id
Conscience
imaginary picture of how you ought to be. It is rewarded by the Superego when one conforms with the standards imposed by society.
Ideal self
“Wish Fulfillment is the Road to the Unconscious.”
Sigmund Freud
- British Philosopher and Professor
- He opposed Rene Descartes that the self is a thinking thing. He maintained that the mind is not separate from the body.
Gilbert Ryle
“I Act, Therefore, I Am.”
GILBERT RYLE
Neuroscientist who introduced Eliminative Materialism
Paul Churchland
“The physical brain and not the imaginary mind gives us our sense of self.”
Paul Churchland
- Philosopher and Author
- He did not believe in mind-body dualism
- He regarded self as embodied subjectivity.
- Mind and body are intrinsically connected.
- Mind is part of the body and the body is part of the mind.
- The body acts what the mind processes.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
“Physical body is an important part of the self.”
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
