West Nile Virus Flashcards
What is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease
Most prevalent mosquito borne disease
West Nile Virus
What is a predisposing factor for contracting west nile virus
Outdoor activities during the spring & summer
How is west nile virus transmitted
The Culex Mosquito
Blood transfusion; mother to child
When do outbreaks of WNV occur and what is a correlation of this happening
mid-July and early september
Warm / hot = Mosquito breeding
Since 2003, what has all donated blood in the united states been screened for?
West nile virus
What is the clinical presentation of a patient with west nile virus
Febrile / acute neurologic illness / recent exposure to mosquitos / Headaches / weakness / Myalgia / Arthralgia / Transient maculopapular rash
How do the majority of patients with west nile virus present
Atypical / Subclinical / Asymptomatic
< 1% of patients with WNV will develop what form of the disease
Neuroinvasive
Neuroinvasive WNV
Clinically indistinguishable from viral meningitis due to other etiologies & typically presents with fever, headaches, and nuchal rigidity
WNC Meningitis
Neuroinvasive WNV
A more severe clinical syndrome that usually manifests wit fever and altered mental status, seizures, focal neurologic deficits, or movement disorders such as tremors or parkinsonism
WNV Encephalitis
Neuroinvasive WNV
Identical to poliovirus associated with poliomyelitis and may progress to respiratory paralysis requiring mechanical ventilation
WNV Acute Flaccid Paralysis
What lab is used for the diagnosis of WNV?
IgM in serum or Cerebral spinal fluid
What is the specific treatment for west nile virus
There is none
No antiviral
Key factors for prevention of west nile virus
- Mosquito control
- PPE
- Blood screening
- Mosquito repellants
- Air conditioning
- Window screens
What is a potential complication for patients who recover from west nile virus encephalitis or poliomyelitis
Residual neurological deficits
