Tetanus Flashcards
What type of organism is clostridium tetani
Spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium
What are predisposing factors for contracting tetanus
Inadequate TD immunization, to TD booster within 10 years, puncture wounds, penetrating injuries, untreated necrotic tissues, crushing injuries
How is tetanus transmitted
Direct contamination of open wounds and non-intact skin
What is the incubation period for tetanus
3 to 21 days
When was passive immunity for tetanus first used
WWI
When was inactivated tetanus toxin developed and when was it widely used
Developed in 1920s and widely used by allies in WWII
what type of conditions allow for the germination of tetanus spores
Anaerobic conditions
What is the minimum lethal dose of tetanus in humans
2.5 nanograms per kg
What is typically the first sign of tetanus
Trismus (lock jaw) > Nucal rigidity > Dysphagia > and rigidity of abdominal muscles
What should you consider when a person has an unknown / uncertain history of TDAP
Assume they are delinquent and have them complete a series
would a patient need a tetanus shot if they have a documented dose of TDAP < 5 years earlier
NO TDAP for wound care
What antibiotics are useful in the treatment of tetanus
- Metronidazole 500 mg d6-8h for 7-10 days
- Pen G 2-4 Mil units IV q 4-6 hrs
how long does recovery from tetanus normally take>
Notoriously long
Months to years
If a patient that may have suspected tetanus infection has their last documented dose of TDAP as > 5 years ago, should you give them a booster
YES
