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Infectious diseases > Rabies > Flashcards

Rabies Flashcards

1
Q

What type of organism is Rabies

A

Neurotropic viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae

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2
Q

Where does the rabies virus best replicate within the human body

A

The brain and nervous tissues

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3
Q

Two manifestations of rabies

A

Encephalitic “Furious”

Paralytic “Dumb”

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4
Q

Encephalitic presentation of rabies

A
  • Fever, hydrophobia, pharyngeal spasms, hyperactivity
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5
Q

Incubation period for rabies

A

1-3 months

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6
Q

What animal accounts for the majority of rabies inoculation

A

DOGS

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7
Q

Predisposing factors for contracting rabies

A

Veterinarians, wildlife researchers, exposure to bat colonies, feral/unvaccinated dogs & cats

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8
Q

What will rabies lead to because of the neurotropic nature of the virus

A

Encephalitis

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9
Q

How long is a captured animal observed in isolation for signs of infection or mortality

A

10-14 days

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10
Q

How many stools are needed to define diarrhea

A

3 or more loose or watery stools

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11
Q

Acute Diarrhea timeframe

A

< 14 days

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12
Q

Timeframe for persistent Diarrhea

A

More than 14-30 days

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13
Q

Timeframe for chronic diarrhea

A

> 30 days

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14
Q

What type of diarrhea presents with blood in loose-watery stools and fever
May be secondary to tissue damage to lining of the colon from certain bacteria, and/or toxins

A

Inflammatory Diarrhea

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15
Q

What type of diarrhea presents with watery stools with no blood and absence of fever

A

Non-inflammatory Diarrhea

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16
Q

Traveler’s diarrhea that is tolerable, not distressing, and does not interfere with planned activities

A

Mild Traveler’s diarrhea

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17
Q

Traveler’s diarrhea that is distressing or interferes with planned activities

A

Moderate Traveler’s diarrhea

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18
Q

Traveler’s diarrhea that is incapacitating or completely prevents planned activities

A

Severe Traveler’s diarrhea

Dysentery

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19
Q

What is the first line mitigation technique for infectious diarrhea

A

Prevention

20
Q

bacteria that will cause diarrhea

A
  • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia ETEC
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Shigella ssp.
  • Salmonella ssp.
  • Bacterial toxin-releasing
21
Q

Viral etiologies that cause diarrhea

Almost never inflammatory

A
  • Norovirus

- Rotavirus

22
Q

Protozoal Etiologies that will cause diarrhea

A
  • Giardia

- Entamoeba histolytica

23
Q

What are routes that viral infectious diarrhea is spread

A

Fecal-oral route, direct contact with contaminated food& water, aerosols of vomitus, and contaminated environmental surfaces/objects

24
Q

Incubation period for viral infectious diarrhea

A

12-48 hours

25
Q

Norovirus Symptoms

A
  • Acute onset of abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and non-bloody diarrhea
  • body aches, headaches, and low-grade fever
26
Q

What is the recommended treatment for viral diarrhea

A

Oral rehydration therapy, anti-motility agents, and antiemetics

27
Q

are antibiotics recommended for treatment of diarrhea

A

Nope

28
Q

When are antibiotics warranted for diarrhea

A

Severe diarrhea with high fever, manifestations of extraintestinal infections

29
Q

What is the normal treatment for diarrhea caused by Camylobacter jejuni diarrhea

A

Generally self limiting and lasting < 1 week

30
Q

What type of Protozoal parasite causes diarrhea

A

Giardia

31
Q

Common name for Giardia diarrhea

A

Beaver Fever

32
Q

What is the most common intestinal parasitic disease affecting humans in the United States

A

Giardia

33
Q

Routes of transmission for giardia

A

Fecal-oral route, mammals (humans, beavers, dogs, and pets)

34
Q

Life phases for giardia

A

Cyst form

Trophozoite form

35
Q

which is the infectious form of Giardia Cyst form or Trophozoite form

A

Cyst form

36
Q

What lab testing is available for the diagnosis for Giardias

A

Antigen detection assays

  • Use antibodies against cyst or trophozoite
  • Capable of detecting Giardia and Cryptosporidium
37
Q

Symptomatic presentation of acute Giardias

A
  • Develop in 1-2 weeks
  • Diarrhea is foul smelling and greasy
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Bloating
  • Flatulence
  • Fatigue
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea
38
Q

What is the treatment for Giardia

A

Tinidazole 2 mg PO single dose

Metronidazole (Flagyl) 250 mg PO TID

38
Q

What is the treatment for Giardia

A

Tinidazole 2 mg PO single dose

Metronidazole (Flagyl) 250 mg PO TID

39
Q

Characteristic symptoms of infectious diarrhea of the small bowel

A 
Larger in volume
Watery
More abdominal cramping
Bloating 
Gas
40
Q

Characteristic symptoms of infectious diarrhea of the large bowel

A 
More frequent
Smaller volume
More painful
bloody stools
Mucus
41
Q

Physical findings of infectious diarrhea

A 
\+/- fever
Mild Tachycardia and hypotension
Dehydration
Positive tilt, turgor, dry mucus membrane
Increased bowel sounds
Mild diffuse abdominal tenderness
42
Q

What should be the initial treatment for infectious diarrhea

A

Rule out more serious / life-threatening pathologies

43
Q

Diet for patients with infectious diarrhea

A

Bananas
Rice
Applesauce
Toast

44
Q

What is the dosage for loperimide (Imodium)

A

4 mg PO initially, followed y 2 mg PO after each loose stool. Not to exceed 16 mg/day

45
Q

What is the dosage for Bismusth subsalicylate

A

525 mg Q 30-60 min PRN for up to 2 days, do not exceed 4200 mg/day

46
Q

When should antibiotics be considered in the treatment of diarrhea

A 
Fever 
\+
>10 stools/day
\+
Significant or complete loss of operational effectiveness

Infectious diseases (13 decks)

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