WELLNESS Flashcards
Quiz 2
Definition of Wellness
a lifestyle approach to manage health that incorporates many facets of well-being.
What is medical model?
focus is on addressing symptoms or problems; dealing with sickness that challenges health
What is wellness model?
focus is on discrete body systems to identify other factors that contribute to our existence as satisfied balanced human beings – works toward preventing imbalance that leads to health disruption and interrupts quality of life.
A, B, Cs of Wellness
A = Attitude that includes actively pursuing wellness and ADL’s that promote satisfaction and quality of life.
B = Balancing productive activity, positive social support, emotional expression and environmental interactions
C = Controlling health through education about behaviors that lead to wellness.
Roles of OTA in older adult health promotion
mentors, coaches and educators.
6 dimensions of wellness
- Occupational - Physical
- Intellectual - Social
- Emotional - Spiritual
What is Physical Dimension?
Physical Dimension – maintaining a healthy diet, participating in physical fitness, getting adequate sleep and learning to relax, knowing one’s own body, vital signs and the physical signs of stress, importance of safety precautions in preventing injury.
What is Social Dimension?
Social Dimension – interaction with others and belonging to a group, contributing to the community, preserving the natural environment and developing positive social relationships.
What is Intellectual Dimension?
Intellectual Dimension – importance of lifelong learning and continual involvement in mental challenges at work and home, intellectual stimulation, enhancing creativity and stimulation for intellectual growth throughout the lifespan.
What is Emotional Dimension?
Emotional Dimension – assuming a positive outlook, managing life’s daily stressors, developing emotional control to manage conflict.
What is Spiritual Dimension?
Spiritual Dimension – a sense of commitment to an important aspect of one’s life, a greater sense of the purpose in life.
What is Occupational Dimension?
Occupational Dimension – involvement in meaningful activities or work, concerned with habits and routines, participation in hobbies, volunteering or work that is interesting and personally satisfying.
Goal of Wellness
to achieve balance in all dimensions
Level of Disruptions
- Occupational Imbalance
- Occupational Deprivation
- Occupational Alientation
OCCUPATIONAL IMBALANCE
occurs when people engage in too much of the same type of activity limiting the exercise of their various capacities – lack of balance among work, rest, self care, play and leisure that fails to meet an individual’s unique needs.
OCCUPATIONAL DEPRIVATION
occurs when factors beyond them limit an individual’s choice or opportunity – prompted by conditions such as poor health, disability, lack of transportation, isolation, unemployment, homelessness, poverty, etc.
OCCUPATIONAL ALIENATION
occurs when people are unable to meet basic occupational needs, or use their particular capacities because of intervening socio-cultural factors – a sense of estrangement and lack of satisfaction in one’s occupations. Tasks or work perceived as stressful, meaningless or boring may result in occupational alienation.
Primary Prevention Method
Primary = education or health promotion strategies designed to help people avoid the onset of unhealthy conditions, diseases or injuries.
Secondary Prevention Method
Secondary = consists of identification and treatment of persons with early, minimally symptomatic diseases to improve outcomes and maintain health – includes early detection and treatment designed to prevent or disrupt the disability process.
Tertiary Prevention Method
Tertiary = refers to preventing the progression of existing conditions and relates to functional assessment and rehabilitation both to reverse and to prevent progression of the burden of illness – a treatment or service designed to arrest the progression of a condition prevent further disability and promote social opportunity.
Profile of FALL prone
Elderly women, who live alone, have a chronic condition (osteoporosis - arthritis), experienced a fall within the past year, use 4 or more medications, have a fear of falling
Factors contribute to FALL
A. Prior History of Falls
b. Neurological Disorders
c. Polypharmacy
d. Visual Impairments
e. Deconditioning
f. changes in postural mechanism decreasing protective reactions/balance
Primary target to Fall (room)
bed and bathroom
What approach has the best outcome in preventing falls?
Multifactorial Approach:
a. Exercise
b. Home Mods
c. Psychological
d. Vision screening
e. Diet and nutrition education
f. Pharmacological education
g. Adaptive equipment training
h. Use of multidisciplinary team
i. Home and community settings
OT’s area of expertise with regard to falls prevention
Environmental Set up:
Poor lighting
Glare
Uneven stairs/surfaces
slippery floors, tubs and showers
cracks in cement
frayed edges of rugs and carpets
high doorsteps
unstable/low furnitures
clutter, objects on the floor
electrical cords
unpredictable moving objects - pets and children
OT Generalist
- Identify driver license issues
- Address performance skills and patterns that may interfere with driving and community mobility
- Address community mobility issues other than driving
- Address pre driving skills
- Know how and when to refer to a driver rehab specialist
OT Specialist
- perform specialized clinical testing to determin driving potential
- perform behind the wheel evaluation
- determine equipment needs
- collaborate with physicians, DMV, etc
the two categories that may limit older adult driver’s abilities, requiring adaptation or cessation
age related changes and various conditions/diagnoses
the common driving maneuvers that are challenging for the older adult driver
- left turns against on-coming traffic*
- Gap acceptance for access highway
- High speed lane changes*
- Merging and weaving on highways
- failure to yield to right-of-way
- illegal turns
- ignoring traffic signs
the different organizations that have established programs for the older adult driver
AARP, CDC, AOTA, NHTSA, AAMVA
The driving requirements for the older adult driver in Illinois
Renewal of the driver’s license –
- every 4 years until age 81
- every 2 years until age 86
- every year for drivers 87 and older
Must renew in person after age 75.
Must take written test every time renewed at age 75.
Must take road test every time renewed 75 years and older.
Must take vision test every time renewed 75 years and older.
Conditions that impair driving must be reported. (i.e. L.O.C.)
who can report driver incapacity in Illinos
Physicians, medical professionals, family, caregivers, general public
know whose responsibility it is to report driver incapacity in IL
the driver
determine what conditions limit driving performance
- cardiac
- diabetes
- dementia
- sleep apnea
- head trauma
- alcoholism
- CVD
- COPD
- PD
- Arthritis
- Psychiatric Illness
- Poly-pharmacology
