Welfare slaughter Flashcards
What is the name of the EU animal welfare act in regards to slaughter
Protection of Animal at the Time of Killing (PATOK) (EC) No 1099/2009
What is the name of the Scottish animal welfare act in regards to slaughter
Welfare of Animals at the Time of Killing 2012 (WATOK)
What did PATOK do in regards to responsibility of animal welfare
EC1099/2009 Changed the responsibility for Animal Welfare from the Official Vet to the Food Business Operator and introduced Animal Welfare Officers and Standard Operating Procedures as a means of managing animal welfare
Describe the legislation in 1995 that was removed in 2003 regarding animal welfare
In England and Wales no person shall bleed any bull, cow, heifer, steer, calf, sheep, goat or pig in a slaughterhouse, knacker’s yard or lairage within sight of any other such animal
3 main characteristics of animal welfare
Biological function
Natural living
Feeling
Protection of Animal at the Time of Killing (PATOK) (EC) No 1099/2009
Business operators or any person involved in the killing of animals should take the necessary measures to avoid pain and minimise the distress and suffering of animals during the slaughtering or killing process, taking into account the best practices in the field and the methods permitted under this Regulation. Therefore, pain, distress or suffering should be considered as avoidable when business operators or any person involved in the killing of animals breach one of the requirements of this Regulation or use permitted practices without reflecting the state of the art, thereby inducing by negligence or intention, pain, distress or suffering to the animals.
Outline what certification a slaughterman requires
Certificate of competence
Outline the role of animal welfare officer
Required by EC 1099/2009
Works for the FBO – has sufficient authority and technical competence to provide guidance to personnel (Basically the manager)
Holds a CoC for every process
Ensures Compliance with legislation
Keeps records of actions taken to improve welfare in the slaughterhouse
Undertakes specific training and must pass an independent final examination
What is a lariage
Holding area for animals awaiting slaughter
What is the legislation in regards to the lariage
Enough space to stand, lie doen and turn around unless cattle penned individually
Must have fresh water
Feeding not required unless 24 hours/overnight
When is bedding required in the lariage
If the animal stays overnight
When can electric goads be used
Sparingly
On adult cattle and pigs
Not too many times
On muscles of the hindquarters
Only when there is space in front of them
Outline the legislation involved in restraint before stunning
No person may stun or slaughter an animal without restraining it in an appropriate manner in such a way as to spare the animal avoidable pain, distress or suffering
Outline the legislation involved in restraint before stunning in regards to cows
No person may stun a large bovine animal in a slaughterhouse unless at the time it is stunned it is confined in a stunning pen or in a restraining pen which (in either case) is in good working order.
Define stunning
Any intentionally induced process which causes loss of consciousness and sensibility without pain, including any process resulting in instantaneous death.
Define slaughter
Slaughter: means the killing of animals intended for human consumption (with previous stunning or not: religious slaughter)
Define simple stunning
Simple stunning’ are those methods that do not cause instantaneous death.
Does concisousness look at heart rate
No. It looks more at brain activity
How to measure unconciousness
unconscious when it loses its natural standing position, is not awake and does not show signs of positive or negative emotions such as fear or excitement
Sensibility of an animal is essentially its ability to feel pain. In general, an animal can be presumed to be insensitive when it does not show any reflexes or reactions to stimulus such as sound, odour, light or physical contact.
Differentiate between simple stun and electrocution
Simple stun is irreversible, electrocution is death by cardiac arrest
Current is Resistance over Voltage T/F
NO. Voltage over resistance
Current needed to stun a cattle
1.28A
Current needed to kill a cattle
> 1.51A
Current needed to stun a calf
1.25A
Current needed to kill a CALF
1.25A
Current needed to stun/kill sheep and lamb
1.0A
Current needed to stun/kill pigs
1.3A
What kind of epilepsy does stunning cause
- Tonic
- Clonic
How is the tonic phase characterised by
Front legs extended
Hind legs flexed into the body
12 sec
How is the clonic phase characterised by
Uncontrolled physical activity
27 sec
Cattle in the UK if using electricity stunning must be a stun kill T/F
True. Must be safe
What is the function of recuperator sleeeves
recuperator sleeeves expand and contract bringing back the bolt
What is the function of washers
Act as a seal and dampener
What calibre of catridge is used in a mechanical stun gun
0.22 or 0.25 inch
What is ‘grain’
Higher grain more energy
Is captive bolt a simple stun or stun kill
Simple stun. Animal can recover
What actually causes unconsciousness when using captive bolt
Increase in decrease in pressure caused by differential acceleration in brain and skull
NOT by physical trauma
How does captive bolt prevent recovery
Penetration destroys midbrain
Can I shoot through the same hole
NO. Wont cause unconciousness
Shooting positions in cattle
Between the horns and eyes. Diagonal lines between each horn bud and eye. Where the two lines cross
NOT EARS
Aim Perpendicular to head
Shooting positions in horses
Eyes to ears
2cm above point the two lines cross
Aim Perpendicular to head
Normally dont use captive bolt
Shooting positions in pigs
Normally dont use captive bolt
In between eyes 2cm up
AIM TOWARDS TAIL NOT PERPENDICULAR
Shooting positions in sheep
If no horns: Highest point of head, pointing towards angle of jaw
If horns: Behind horns pointing towards angle of jaw
What is the legislation in regards to horned sheep and goat when using a captive bolt.
You have 15 seconds to bleed them
Signs of an effective stun
- No RHYTHMIC breathing
- Fixed glazed expression
- No corneal reflex
- A relaxed jaw
- Tongue hanging out
- Tonic/clonic phase
Gas used in gas stunning
CO2
How does gas stunning kill animal
lower ph of CSF
Percentage of CO2 in gas stunning typically
> 40%- High concentration
Pigs minimum: 80%
What vessels are severed in cattle and horses and pigs
Thoracic stick-
Anterior aorta and anterior vena cava- At thoracic inlet. Not neck.
2 stick in cattle, one in pig
What vessels are severed in sheep
Both carotid arteries
Halal slaughter requires stunning T/F
False! One neck slice only. No thoracic stick.. But most UK has stunning
