Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 Public health > Welfare at slaughter > Flashcards

Welfare at slaughter Flashcards

1
Q

Define slaughter

A

The killing of animals for food, causing the death of the animal by bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 freedoms?

A
  • freedom from hunger and thirst
  • freedom from discomfort
  • freedom from pain, injury or disease
  • freedom to express normal behaviour
  • freedom from fear and distress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the lairage?

A

Housing at the slaughterhouse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some factors for consideration at the lairage?

A
  • Enough space to lie down
  • Water ad lib
  • Do not mix animals which may harm each other
  • Temperature and humidity control
  • Comfort, food and water for the night (if staying for more than 12 hours)
  • Use of sticks – only to be used as an extension of your hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the purpose of stunning?

A

Renders the animal immediately insensible to pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the phases of stunning?

A
  • Tonic
  • Clonic
  • Recovery? hopefully not seen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the methods of stunning?

A
  • Mechanical
  • Chemical: gaseous
  • Electrical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 5 physical signs of an effective stun?

A
  • Animal collapses (tonic and clonic phase)
  • No rhythmic breathing
  • Fixed, glazed expression
  • No corneal reflex
  • Relaxed jaw, possibly with tongue hanging out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the stunning position for cattle?

A

At the crossing point between two imaginary lines drawn between the eyes and the centre of the base of the opposite horns. The stunner should be held at right angles to the skull, so that the bolt is directed towards the brainstem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the stunning position for sheep?

A

Polled - highest point on the head, on the midline, aiming straight down
Horned: on the mid line, behind the ridge between the horns and aimed towards the base of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the stunning position for a horse?

A

In horses, the brain is situated high in the head. The ideal site for stunning is in the middle of the forehead. Take two imaginary lines drawn from the eyes to the opposite ears; stun the animal approximately 10mm above the point where they cross.
The muzzle of the stunner should be tilted, if necessary, so that the bolt is directed through the upper brain towards the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What occurs in the clonic phase of electrical stunning?

A

no CNS control, random firing of neurones causes muscle spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

No person may use electrodes to stun an animal unless…?

A
  • appropriate measures are taken to ensure that there is good electrical contact
  • the strength and duration of the current used is such that the animal is immediately rendered unconscious and remains so until it is dead.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

No person may use electrodes to stun an animal individually unless the apparatus…?

A
  • incorporates an audible or visible device indicating the length of time of its application to an animal
  • is connected to a device indicating the voltage and the current under load, positioned so as to be clearly visible to the operator.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the gases used for stunning?

A
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Inert gases e.g. argon
  • Vacuum or nitrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is bleeding necessary?

A

For welfare and food safety

17
Q

Compare the different bleeding methods

A

Thoracic bleeds are less likely to cut the oesophagus vs neck bleeds – can lead to more contamination if this is cut – from the stomach contents

18
Q

What is the only kid of cut that can be used for halal slaughter?

A

Neck cut only

19
Q

What can influence meat quality and is found as post mortem evidence?

A
  • Bad handling e.g. excessive use of sticks
  • Fighting of animals
  • Welfare on farm
  • Stress
20
Q

How does stress affect muscles?

A
  • Affects metabolism of glycogen
  • Affected meat doesn’t eat or keep well
  • Glycogen is energy source for muscle activity.
  • Following slaughter, glycogen converted to lactic acid
  • Amount of glycogen pre-slaughter affects pH achieved post-slaughter
21
Q

How does chronic stress affect meat?

A
  • Chronic stress depletes glycogen
  • Dark, firm, dry (DFD)
  • Commonly beef. Also pigs and occasionally sheep.
22
Q

How does acute stress affect meat?

A
  • Acute stress increases metabolic activity
  • Heightened awareness and increased metabolic activity before slaughter
  • Pale, soft, exudative (PSE)
  • Predominantly pigs
23
Q

How can welfare at slaughter be observed and monitored?

A

Mandatory use of CCTV in slaughterhouses

24
Q

• Regulations on mandatory use of CCTV in slaughterhouses in England came into force in May 2018. All business operators must…?

A
  • Install CCTV equipment in the slaughterhouse
  • Keep CCTV images for 90 days
  • Make the images available to FSA inspectors
25
Q

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) separate for each species for include?

A
  • unloading animals
  • keeping animals in holding pens and fields (lairage)
  • moving and handling animals
  • restraining animals
  • stunning and killing animals
  • monitoring the stunning of animals
  • religious slaughter
26
Q

In poultry slaughter how does shacking differ in different stunning processes?

A

Electrical stunning: Shackle then stun

Gas stunning: Stun then shackle

27
Q

What are some of the processes involved in poultry slaughter?

A
  • Stunning
  • Vacuum
  • Bleeding
  • Scalding, plucking, evisceration
28
Q

Give examples of stresses at transport for poultry

A

Temperature (hot / cold), Ventilation, Space allowance, Duration, Acceleration, Vibration, Motion, Impacts, Fasting, Withdrawal of water, Social disruption, Noise

29
Q

What are some considerations of electrical stunning for poultry?

A
  • Ramp for head
  • Water spray to ensure good conduction
  • Water level can be adjusted
  • Pre-stun shocks
  • High frequency
  • Low frequency
  • The effect of small birds
  • Missed stunning
30
Q

Describe how stunning to kill works in poultry slaughter?

A

Low frequency stunning renders the majority of birds both stunned and killed, the likelihood of a bird regaining consciousness further down the slaughter line after the neck cutter is significantly reduced.

31
Q

Describe how stunning to stun works in poultry slaughter?

A

Improves meat quality (less broken bones, blood splashing). In general, with frequencies greater than 100 Hz, heart attacks are not induced in birds, so they exit the waterbath stunned but alive.
- Bleeding must be accurate (severance of both carotid arteries though not required)

32
Q

What are the signs of an effective stun in poultry?

A
  • The neck is arched with head held vertically
  • Eyes open
  • No rhythmic breathing
  • Rigidly extended legs (not an appropriate indicator when shackled)
  • Constant rapid body tremors
  • Wings held tightly against the body
33
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an electrical stun?

A 
Ad: 
- Very rapid
- Relatively cheap
Dis:
- Proportion of birds miss stunning
- High freq doesnt kill causing there to be a potential of reaching the scald tank conscious
34
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a gas stun?

A 
Ad:
- Minimal pre-slaughter handling and no need for shackling
- improved heath and safety of person hanging birds
- no possibility of missing stun
- improved carcass quality 
Dis:
- expensive initial outlay
- possible danger of leaks
- discomfort
35
Q

In kosher meat, what is not allowed?

A

Stunning

36
Q

What are the halal bovine requirements?

A
  • Must be kept upright in a approved restraining pen
  • A head restraint is required
  • Support to the animal is required during and after slaughter
37
Q

What are the halal requirements for handling animals?

A
  • Not allowed in restraining pen unless ready
  • No animals should be hoisted or shackled for 20 sec for sheep and 30 sec for bovine
  • One sheep is allowed per cradle

Y3 Public health (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions