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Y3 Public health > Animal by-products > Flashcards

Animal by-products Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of a health mark?

A

Health mark is unique to the establishment that has packaged the product
- Tells you that it has passed the inspection and it is safe to eat

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2
Q

What are animal by-products

A

Animal carcases, parts of carcases or products of animal origin that are not intended for human consumption e.g. faeces, pathology, bones
- This includes catering waste, used cooking oil, former foodstuffs, butcher and slaughterhouse waste, blood, feathers, wool, hides and skins, fallen stock, pet animals, zoo and circus animals, hunt trophies, manure, ova, embryos and semen.

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3
Q

What is the dressing percentage?

A

Ratio of dressed carcass weight to the weight of the live animal, expressed as a percentage

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4
Q

What are some specialised risk materials of cattle with controlled risk of BSE at all ages?

A
  • Tonsils
  • The last 4m of SI
  • The caecum
  • Mesentery
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5
Q

What are some specialised risk materials of cattle with controlled risk of BSE over 12 months?

A

Skull excluding the mandible but including the brain, eyes and spinal cord

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6
Q

What are some specialised risk materials of cattle with controlled risk of BSE over 30 months?

A
  • Vertebrae of the tail
  • Spinous and transverse process of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
  • Median sacral crest and wings of the sacrum
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7
Q

What are some specialised risk materials of cattle with negligible risk of BSE under 12 months?

A

No specialised risk material

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8
Q

What are some uses of ABPs?

A

Pet food, clothing e.g. leather, sodium tallowate, glues

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9
Q

Where are ABPs found?

A
  • Abattoirs that slaughter ruminants
  • Farms (fallen stock)
  • Knackers’ yards (Officially termed “collection centres”) if they handle ruminants
  • Airports and ports
  • Zoos and circuses
  • Labs
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10
Q

What are the rules surrounding ABPs?

A
  • Risk based: 3 categories with different treatment depending on the level of risk
  • Licences for establishments that handle ABP and for equipment that destroys ABP
  • Rules for movement and international trade
  • Enforcement of rules by vets and Local Authorities (FSA, APHA)
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11
Q

Who is responsible for enforcement relating to ABP within approved slaughterhouses and cutting plants (where meat is chopped up and packaged)?

A

Food standards agency

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12
Q

Who is responsible for ABPs elsewhere?

A

Local authorities

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13
Q

What are the roles of OVs in ABP treatment plans?

A

Risk assessment of premises for approval:

  • Risk category of ABPs accepted / handled by plant
  • Method of processing & safe parameters of operation
  • Biosecurity risks – eg proximity of livestock to approved premises
  • Management of records & traceability
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14
Q

What was made an offence under the Dog act of 1906?

A

An offence for leaving any carcass on agricultural land where dogs can gain access.

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15
Q

Since 2003 what must happen to all fallen stock?

A
  • Ban on burial of fallen stock since 2003
  • All carcasses of cattle over 24 months of age must go on the fallen stock and be tested for TSE as part of survey scheme
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16
Q

What is a category 1 ABP?

A
  • Specified risk material, and where, at the time of disposal, specified risk material has not been removed, entire bodies of dead animals containing specified risk material
  • Products derived from animals to which substances prohibited have been administered and products of animal origin containing residues of environmental contaminants
  • Animals infected or suspected of being infected by a TSE
  • Pet animals, zoo animals and circus animals
  • Experimental animals
17
Q

What happens to category 1 ABPs?

A
  • Incineration in licensed incinerators and the ash disposed in specially licensed landfills
  • Rendering with all products marked with glyceroltriheptanoate (GTH)
  • Special landfills for catering waste
  • Special derogations for remote areas
  • Has to be stained a nice blue… (patent blue V E131 an approved food additive)
18
Q

What is a category 2 ABP?

A
  • Manure and digestive tract content
  • All animal materials collected when treating waste water from slaughterhouses
  • Products of animal origin containing residues of veterinary drugs and contaminants
  • Animals and parts of animals, that die other than by being slaughtered for human consumption, including animals killed to eradicate an epizootic disease
19
Q

What happens to category 2 ABPs?

A
  • Incineration in licensed incinerators and the ash disposed in specially licensed landfills
  • Rendering with all products marked with glyceroltriheptanoate (GTH)
  • Has to be stained black (though it may look blue-gray…)
  • Manure can go on land
  • Oleochemical plants
  • Hunt kennels, maggot farms and zoos
20
Q

What is a category 3 ABP?

A
  • Parts of slaughtered animals, which are fit for human consumption but are not intended for human consumption for commercial reasons
  • Parts of slaughtered animals, which are rejected as unfit for human consumption but are not affected by any signs of diseases
  • Hides and skins, hooves and horns, pig bristles and feathers, from animals after undergoing ante-mortem inspection, and were fit
  • Blood obtained from animals other than ruminants
  • Former foodstuffs of animal origin
  • Raw milk originating from animals that do not show clinical signs of any disease
  • Fish or other sea animals, except sea mammals
21
Q

What happens to category 3 ABPs?

A
  • PETFOOD
  • Composting and biogas
  • Oleochemical plants
  • Hunt kennels, maggot farms and zoos
22
Q

Summarise a cat 1 ABP

A

Anything that has to do with TSEs, whole ruminant carcasses plus zoo animals and pets, sick wild animals and certain residue containing products, international catering waste

23
Q

Summarise a cat 2 ABP

A

All meat unfit for human consumption except if it has to do with TSEs, manure and digestive tract contents, some residue containing products, animals killed for disease control

24
Q

Summarise a cat 3 ABP

A

Meat fit for human consumption but not intended for human consumption, all by-products from animals that have undergone inspection and were found fit with some exceptions

25
Q

How are category 1 and category 2 ABPs stained?

A

Category 1 - blue

Category 2 - black

26
Q

Blood intended for use as petfood can only be derived only from?

A
  • Pigs or poultry which has passed ante-mortem inspection

- Or ruminants which have passed both ante and post-mortem inspection

27
Q

Any lower risk category ABP which has encountered a higher category ABP has to be treated as

A

The higher category material

28
Q

How must ABPs be stored?

A

In leak proof, lidded, indelibly marked and labelled bins

29
Q

What are the standards of a low capacity incinerator?

A

Low Capacity incinerators (< 50Kg/hour): The gas in the secondary chamber must achieve 850°C for 2 seconds. Temperature monitored by a temperature sensor.

30
Q

What are the standards of a high capacity incinerator?

A

High capacity incinerators (> 50Kg/hour): As low capacity, plus each line must have at least one auxiliary burner to assure the temperature is 850°C during combustion

31
Q

What is composting?

A

Biological degradation of ABP is undertaken under aerobic conditions

32
Q

Describe rendering

A

Involves the cooking of parts of animals at high temperatures to make the material safe and reduce the water content to a storable level.
This process is then followed by mechanical separation of tallow (fat) from the solid residue, which is then put in to storage for later incineration

33
Q

Using category 3 ABPs, to make raw pet food you can only use?

A
  • Slaughterhouse material that was passed fit for humans to eat but is unwanted for commercial reasons
  • Fish by-products from factories and ships that prepare fish for human consumption
  • Game that was passed fit for humans to eat but rejected for commercial reasons, not due to disease
34
Q

Using category 3 ABPs, to make processed pet food you can only use?

A
  • Category 3 ABPs from carcasses passed fit for human consumption
  • Slaughterhouse by-products, like hides, skins, horns, feet, pig bristle, feather or blood
  • Heads of poultry
  • Milk production by-products
  • Materials from on-farm slaughter of rabbits or poultry
  • Hatchery waste, eggs, egg by-products and day-old chicks

Y3 Public health (19 decks)

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