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Weimar republic/Nazi Germany Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

Why did the Kaiser abdicate?

A

The many mutinies and the army refusing to support him.

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2
Q

Who took over after the Kaiser abdicated?

A

Ebert

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3
Q

What party did Ebert lead?

A

The social democratic party

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4
Q

Who lead the Sparticist uprising?

A

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht

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5
Q

Why did the Spartacist uprising happen?

A

Wanted Germany to be run by elected council of workers not a parliament

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6
Q

Who were the Sparticists?

A

A left wing communist group

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7
Q

Who were the Freikorps?

A

A right wing parliamentary group who were brought in to stop Sparticits

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8
Q

How long did it take the Freikorps to stop the spartacists?

A

Three days

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9
Q

Why did the politicians escape to Weimar?

A

To avoid the violence in Berlin

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10
Q

What was the Weimar constitution?

A

Rules for how the country should be run

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11
Q

What were the rules in the Weimar constitution?

A

All Germans had equal rights
Politicians elected every year by proportional representation
A chancellor would work with politicians on day to day policies
The president controlled army and air force

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12
Q

What is proportional representation?

A

Each party got the same percentage of seats in parliament as the percentage of votes they received in elections

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13
Q

What was article 48?

A

Allowed the president to make emergency decrees without consulting the Reichstag

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14
Q

Why was proportional representation bad?

A

Made it difficult to introduce laws because their were so many different parties.

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15
Q

What military punishments did Germany face?

A

Germany could only have an army of 100,000
A navy with 6 battle ships and no submarines tanks/air force
Germany were banned from the Rhineland

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16
Q

What was the war guilt clause?

A

Germany had to take responsibility for the war and pay the cost of it.

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17
Q

How much did Germany have to pay?

A

6.6 billion

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18
Q

What was the money known as?

A

Reparations

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19
Q

What territorial punishments did Germany face?

A

Germy had to give colonies to winning countries
Large areas of land given to winning countries/be used to create new countries
Germany could not reunite with Austria

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20
Q

Why was the treaty of Versailles unpopular?

A

Viewed as overly harsh- Germany lost 13% of land
Germany had to take full blame with no negotiations
Many Germans thought they could keep fighting

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21
Q

What did people call the politicians who signed the treaty of Versailles?

A

November criminals

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22
Q

Who lead the Kapp Putsch

A

Wolfgang Kapp

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23
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

March 1920

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24
Q

What happened during Kapp Putsch?

A

5000 Friekorps lead by civil servants and Kapp took over Berlin

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25
Why did the Kapp Putsch fail?
They didn't have support of the workers
26
How long did the Kapp Putsch last?
100 hours
27
Was Kapp Putsch left or right wing?
Right wing
28
What political leaning was the red rising?
Left wing
29
How many workers were killed in the red rising?
1000
30
What is the definition of hyperinflation?
Sudden increase of goods
31
How did Hyperinflation start?
1) Germany couldn't afford reparations 2) French and Berlin troops invaded Ruhr to take reparations 3) Government ordered Ruhr workers to strike 4) Government printed money to give to striking workers 5)Money lost value, shopkeepers put prices up and government printed more money
32
What were the negatives of hyperinflation
Savings were worthless Pensions were worthless workers wages didn't keep up with food prices Many small business collapsed
33
What was Hitlers role in German army?
He mainly worked as a messenger
34
What was Hitlers job after the war?
He worked as a spy to investigate political parties.
35
Who founded the German workers party?
Aton Prexler
36
What did the German workers party want?
They wanted to make Germany strong again, they thought the treaty of Versailles made Germans weak and didn't approve of it.
37
What did Hitler do with German workers party?
Put advertisements up, made posters, did speeches to build membership
38
What did Hitler change the name of the German workers party to?
The National Socialist German workers party
39
Why did Hitlers change the parties name?
To appeal to the most people possible
40
What newspaper did the Nazi's buy to turn into their own?
The peoples observer
41
Why did Hitler release a manifesto?
To attract a larger audience by including different points he didn't really agree with.
42
What was the Nazis parties private army called?
The SA
43
Events of Munich Putsch?
1)Hitler took beer hall full of politicians hostage 2)SA took control of government building 3)Police were called 4)Hitler and 2000 supporters marched through Munich and were met with police officers
44
How long was Hitler sentenced for?
5 years but only got 9 months
45
What happened during the Bamberg confernce?
25 point programme made official Nazi policy Middle classes and farmers targeted for votes
46
why did Hitler establish the SS?
He though the SS were too violent and gave Nazis bad rep.
47
What were factors that lead to growth in Nazi support?
Great depression Unhappiness with Weimar government Hitlers appeal Rise in communism Nazi tactics
48
What was the Dawes Plan?
Stresemann arranged for the USA to lend 800 million marks to Geramny
49
What was the young plan?
Stresemann reducing the amount Germany owed and getting more time to pay
50
What was the currency that Stresemann created to stop inflation?
Rentenmark (marks)
51
How did Stresemann rebuild the economy?
Used Dawes plan money to build factories, houses and roads=more jobs
52
What was the Locarno Pact?
An agreement with Germany Britain, France, Belgium and Italy that they would never go to war Germany accepts WesternBorders
53
What was the Kellogg-Briand pact?
Germany and 60 countries agree never to go to war unless to defend themselves
54
Name four causes of the rise in support for the Nazis?
The Great Depression Nazi party tactics Unhappiness with Weimar Government Fear in communist rise
55
What caused the Great Depression?
The Wall Street Crash
56
Why did people not like the Weimar government?
CEOs, large landowners etc did not like the democratic system- they wanted Germany to be controlled by the President who listened to the elites. Weimar politicians couldn't agree how to move out of great depression People leant to more anti democratic groups e.g Nazis, communists
57
Why were people fearful of Communist rule?
1917 Communists took over Russian businesses and farms , attempts to do the same with Germany As a result middle and upper class people were worried by Communist rule as they would loose their wealth
58
Name three Nazi tactics
Propaganda- The Nazi party spread their ideas through Newspapers, leaflets, posters and mass rallies Technology-Nazi would use planes so he could visit as many cities a possible Nazis would also take on new types of media like Radio Flexibility- Nazi's would change their beliefs top suit as many people as possible
59
Who was Hitler's minister of propaganda?
Joseph Goebbels
60
What was the enabling act?
An act that gave Hitler the power to pass any law without the Reichstag or presidents permission.
61
When was the night of the long knives?
June 1934
62
When did Hindenburg die and Hitler become fuhrer?
August 1934.
63
What were the gestapo?
The Nazi secret police.
64
Who led the Gestapo?
Hermann Goering. Reinhard Heydrich.
65
Who was head of the SS?
Henrich Himmler.
66
What was the Reich chamber of culture?
Nazi controls around culture.
67
What were the Reich Labour services (RAD),
A labour service all unemployed men age 18-25 had to complete for 6 months.
68
What was the job creation schemes?
Building autobahns, schools, hospitals and sports facilities. An effort to give people jobs.
69
What was the German labour front?
The Nazi version of trade unions
70
What was the features of the Beauty of labour?
Employers had to improve the working environment. E.g. more light, ventilation and new washrooms.
71
What was the strength through joy programme?
A reward a scheme for workers- offered shows and discounted holidays. Improvement of holiday pay.
72
How many people revived a car under the German Labour front?
None.
73
What was the issues with the German labour front?
They didn’t negotiate better pay or reduced working hours. Workers couldn’t strike. Some strength through holidays were too expensive for workers.
74
What were the three Ks?
Kinder, küche, kirche. Children, kitchen, church.
75
What was the honours cross?
A way to encourage woman to have babies.
76
What age group could attend Hitler youth?
6-18
77
Between what year were 15% of teachers fired
1933-1934
78
Name three changes the Nazis brought to education?
Nazi believe were presented in lessons and in textbooks. Race studies were taught. Boys and girls were taught diff subjects based on gender.
79
What age would girls attend the League of German maidens?
14-17
80
What did Heinrich Himmler do?
Controlled the police forces and lead the SS. Responsible for planning the holocaust.,
81
Name the three groups the SS was spilt up to?
The SD. The death head units. The waffen SS.
82
What was the job of the SD?
Security. They could search homes, seize properties and arrest anyone for any reason.
83
What was the job of the death’s head unit?
In charge of concentration camps.
84
What was the job of the SS?
An elite army unit.
85
What was the Nazi church called?
The Reich church.
86
What was the alternate non Nazi Protestant church called?
The confessing church.
87
Who formed the confessing church?
Niemöller.
88
When was Hitker made chancellor?
January 1933.
89
Who was made chancellor 1932?
Von papen. Unpopular.
90
Who replaced Von Papen as chancellor?
Von Scheicher. Also unpopular.
91
What was the Reich citizenship law?
Claims that Jews are not of German blood. They can not vote or be German citizens.
92
What was the law to protect German people and their blood?
States that Jewish people can’t marry or have sex with non Jewish Germans.
93
Name 3 examples of developing persecution of Jewish people?
1933=Jewish people can’t work in government. 1935=Nuremberg laws. 1938=All Jewish children expelled from non Jewish schools.
94
When was the Night of broken glass?
November 1938.
95
What caused the Night of broken glass?
A German being shot by a German Jewish boy in Paris embassy.
96
How many Jewish business were destroyed in the night of broken glass?
7500.
97
What was the law of prevention of diseased offspring?
Allowed forcible sterilisation of woman with mental illness, hereditary diseases and alcoholism.
98
Name the attempts to reduce unemployment?
Reich labour service. Job creation schemes. Rearmament. Invisible unemployment.
99
What were some of the terms of invisible unemployment?
Jews dismissed and not counted in unemployment records. Women encouraged to give up work and not counted. Part time work counted as full time.
100
When did Hitler become führer?
August 1934.
101
What did the law against the formation of new parties?
This bans all political parties apart from the Nazis.
102
Name three position changes for workers because of Stresemann
Increased jobs. Strong trade unions. Benefits to unemployed and disabled.
103
Name three position changes for industry because of Stresemann
Germans trade improved. Modern tech improved productivity. Growth in German companies.
104
Name three position changes for German culture during the golden age
Cinema and theatre more popular. Avant grade popular, art flourished. Germany became known for plays and opera.
105
Who lead the SA?
Ernst Rohm
106
What did SA stand for?
Sturmabteilung.
107
What was the role of the SA?
Beating up people who criticised Hitler. Guarding Hitler meetings. Disrupting other political parties.
108

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