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History > Elizabeth > Flashcards

Elizabeth Flashcards

1
Q

When did Elizabeth become queen?

A

1558

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2
Q

How much debt did Elizabeth inherit?

A

300000

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3
Q

What were three personal problems that Elizabeth faced when she became queen?

A

Legitimacy, gender, marriage.

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4
Q

What was the privy council?

A

Elizabeth’s main advisors, 19 men responsible for running the country.

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5
Q

When was the religious settlement introduced?

A

1559

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6
Q

Features of the Catholicism?

A

Believed in 7 sacraments e.g. baptism and marriage.
Statue of the virgin Mary and crucifixes.
Stained glass windows.
Decorative alter.
Priests in decorative clothes.
Services and bible in Latin.

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7
Q

Features of Protestantism?

A

No stained glass.
Priests wore plain clothes.
Priests could marry.
Simple wooden alter.
Prayer book and Services in English.

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8
Q

Features of the religious settlement?

A

Queen would rule as supreme governor.
Services and book of prayer in English.
Some decorations allowed.
All clergy were to wear clerical dress and a white linen gown and not marry.

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9
Q

When were the act of Supremacy and Uniformity created?

A

1559

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10
Q

What were the features of the act of Uniformity?

A

Protestantism became official religion of England
All churches used book of common prayer
Bible was printed in English
Everyone in England had to attend church weekly
Catholic mass was abandoned
Services designed to both Protestants and Catholics

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11
Q

What were the features of the act of Supremacy?

A

Elizabeth became supreme government of the church of England
It was considered treason if someone did not acknowledge Elizabeth as supreme governor
Clergy members needed to swear oaths to Elizabeth

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12
Q

When was the papal bull against Elizabeth sent?

A

1570

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13
Q

What did the popes papal bull declare?

A

That Elizabeth was excommunicated and Catholics should remove her from power.

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14
Q

Who was the pope in 1570?

A

Pope Pius V.

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15
Q

What were the impacts of the Papal bull?

A

Catholic plots increased
Elizabeth and her government became less tolerant of Catholics
Laws were passed to limits freedoms of Catholics.

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16
Q

Who was Mary Queen of scots husbands?

A

Francis II of France, Lord Darnley and Earl of Bothwell.

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17
Q

What husband did Mary supposedly murder?

A

Lord Darnley

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18
Q

Who is Mary Queen of Scots secretary?

A

David Rizzio

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19
Q

What was the conference of York about?

A

A trial about the murder of Lard Darnley.

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20
Q

When was the conference in York?

A

1568

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21
Q

What were the casket letters?

A

12 sonnets and 8 letters that were written by Mary to the Earl of Bothwell planning the murder of her husband.

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22
Q

What does abdicate mean?

A

Giving up duties.

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23
Q

When was Mary forced to abdicate?

A

1567

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24
Q

When does Mary flee to England?

A

1568- after the battle of Langside.

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25
Q

What does Elizabeth do with Mary after the conference?

A

Elizabeth kept Mary imprisoned at Sheffield castle and Sheffield manor lodge.

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26
Q

Why was Mary a threat?

A

She was heir to the throne after Elizabeth.
She was catholic and many powerful catholic nobles in England might support her and threaten Elizabeth’s rule.

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27
Q

Elizabeth options to deal with Mary

A

Send her to France, Keep her imprisoned, Help her regain the Scottish throne, Execute her, allow Mary to be free in England.

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28
Q

What year was the rebellion of the Northern earls?

A

1569

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29
Q

Who were the Northern earls involved in the revolt of the Northern earls?

A

Duke of Northumberland and Duke of Westmorland.

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30
Q

What was the cause of the revolt of the Northern earls?

A

Elizabeth refused to let the Duke of Norfolk marry Mary. He left the royal court and went up North and discussed rebellion.

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31
Q

What were the aims of the revolt of the Northern earls?

A

Make Catholicism the official religion of England
Increase influence of Northern earls in England
Remove nobles who guided Elizabeth’s religious policies from power

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32
Q

When was the Duke of Northumberland beheaded

A

1572

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33
Q

What happened to the Duke of Norfolk?

A

He was imprisoned.

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34
Q

What were the reasons for the failure of the revolt?

A

Most Catholics were still loyal to Elizabeth.
Lack of support from abroad.
Lack of clear aims-some just wanted to focus on religion and some wanted to overthrow Elizabeth.
Elizabeth responded effectively.

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35
Q

When was the Ridolfi plot?

A

1571

36
Q

When was the Throckmorton plot?

A

1583

37
Q

When was the Babington plot?

A

1586

38
Q

Plan of the Ridolfi plot?

A

Dutch Catholics lead by Spanish Duke of Alva would invade the south.
Northern English Catholics would start a new rebellion.
Elizabeth would be killed and replaced with Mary queen of Scots.
Mary would marry Duke of Norfolk.

39
Q

Plan of the Throckmorton plot?

A

Duke of Guise would lead French invasion with Spanish troops.
English Catholics would join the rebellion would help secure Mary as Queen.
Elizabeth would be killed.

40
Q

Plan for Babington plot?

A

Babington and five other men would kill Elizabeth.
Coded messages were sent to Mary in beer barrels.
Mary would reply telling the assassins it was time to go.

41
Q

How was the Ridolfi plot found out?

A

Elizabeth’s spies found the coded messages and cracked it with a cipher key.

42
Q

When was the Duke of Norfolk executed

A

1572

43
Q

How was the Throckmorton plot found out?

A

Throckmorton was already under surveillance so the plot was quickly discovered by Elizabeth’s spies.
Mary was placed under close guard to stop her involvement in any more plots.

44
Q

When was Throckmorton executed?

A

1584

45
Q

How was the Babington plot found out?

A

One of Elizabeth’s servants worked for Elizabeth’s spymaster and intercepted the letters
The letters were decoded using cipher key
Mary was arrested for treason and executed

46
Q

When was Babington executed?

A

1586

47
Q

When was Mary executed?

A

1587

48
Q

What were the impacts of Mary Queen of Scots execution?

A

Mary was viewed as a Catholic martyr.
Threat from Spain intensified.

49
Q

What would wealthy families do for fun?

A

Hunting, archery, Musicians preforming at home
Women=sewing and embroidery

50
Q

What did poor families do for fun?

A

Go to drink at an inn, blood sports e.g. dog fighting, bear baiting and cock fighting, wresting and footfall and feast days

51
Q

What were feastdays?

A

A day off work filled with food, singing and maypole dancing.

52
Q

What was the first theatre called?

A

Red lion.

53
Q

What were troupes?

A

Travelling acting groups

54
Q

When was the first theatre opened?

A

1567

55
Q

Where would wealthy boys go to school?

A

Grammar schools

56
Q

Name two features of a grammar schools

A

Curriculum focused on Latin, English and religion.
Taught by older students till age of ten.

57
Q

Two features of wealthy girls schooling?

A

Taught by private tutors at home.
Latin, music, French and dancing taught

58
Q

Where did poor boys and girls go to school?

A

Girls=Dame schools.
Boys=Petty schools.

59
Q

What’s a guild?

A

Associations formed by different craftsmen

60
Q

From what age would rich boys go to university?

A

14

61
Q

When did boys become an apprentice?

A

14 UNTIL 1562 where anyone working in a guild was an apprentice.

62
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s first secretary of state?

A

William Cecil

63
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s trusted advisor and potential lover?

A

Robert Dudly

64
Q

Who was Elizabeth I spy master?

A

Francis Walsingham

64
Q

How did the English break up the Spanish boats crescent formation?

A

Set boats on fire and sent them through.

65
Q

What Spanish mistakes helped the English win the armada?

A

Warships not designed for rough English waters
Spanish cannons designed for land battles
Duke of Medina-Sedonia was inexperienced

66
Q

How did the weather effect the Armada?

A

Most Spanish ships survived the battle but harsh weather destroyed them
Ships ran out of food and water
Surviving Sailors often couldn’t sail because they were ill

67
Q

Spanish Armada

A

King Phillip II wanted to take England
Armada leave Lisbon 28 May 1588
Armada sail to Netherlands to collect soldiers from Netherlands
Armada sails to English coast to go to Kent and soldiers march to London

68
Q

How many ships and soldiers did the Armada consist of?

A

151 ships
34000 soldiers

69
Q

When was the Spanish Armada?

A

1588

70
Q

When did Drake sail to Cadiz to attack Spanish ships?

A

1587

71
Q

How many ships were destroyed in Cadiz ?

A

27 and 4 captured

72
Q

What did Drake refer to his win against Spain as?

A

Singeing of the kings beard.

73
Q
A
74
Q

What were the deserving poor?

A

People not seen to blame for poverty

75
Q

What were the undeserving poor?

A

People who were seen as healthy enough to work

76
Q

What were Vagabonds

A

Untrustworthy beggar

77
Q

List three reasons for increase in poverty?

A

Increased taxes- to pay for Spanish war
Collapse in cloth trade- people out of jobs
Inflation- poor couldn’t afford basic needs

78
Q

What was the vagabonds act?

A

Parish register kept to give food and shelter- funded by taxes
Beggars over 14 whipped and burn
Second begging imprisoned
Third begging death

79
Q

When was the Vagabonds act?

A

1572

80
Q

When was the act in relief for the poor

A

1576

81
Q

What was the act in relief for the poor?

A

Local authorities responsible for finding work for paupers
Any paupers who refused to work would go to house of correction

82
Q

Who was the first person to circumnavigate the globe?

A

Francis Drake

83
Q

Who was the first person to get involved in slave trade

A

John Hawkins

84
Q

Pros of circumnavigation?

A

Development in ship tech
Awareness of trading routes
Challenging Spanish dominants

85
Q

List three developments in shipping tech/ navigation

A

Magnetic compass-
Improving shop design- larger ships, more stable
Astrolabe- position of sun and stars to help find time

86
Q

Why was Drakes circumnavigation significant?

A

Made investors wealthy
Claimed new land for England
Increased understanding of word
Tensions between Spain and England increased

History (4 decks)

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