Weimar And Nazi Germany GCSE Flashcards
Who is Kaiser Wilhelm?
King during WW1
He abdicated in 1918 and a new republic was declared
What are some of the effects of WW1 on Germany?
Political effect- Kaiser ran way all that was left was reichstag parties that previously had no power
Physiological effects - Germany was proud country and had worked extremely hard to win war. Losing was devastating to the pride of most Germans
Physical and financial effects - Germany producing half the milk and 60% of meat needed. British navy was blockading German ports. 750,000 Germans died from hunger and disease. Germany borrowed money to pay for the war. Debts increased by 50 billion to 150 billion marks
The stab in the back - army that signed surrenderm
Who was Friedrich Ebert?
Leader of SPD who became chancellor after the Kaiser abdicated. He formed the council of people’s representatives and then took steps over 9 months to set up the Weimar republic. This included agreeing terms with the army and trade unions
What us proportional representation?
Very fair and modern voting system, where party gets a number if seats directly proportional to number of votes
This led to tiny parties getting seats
What was article 48?
48 article of the constitution. Allowed President to rule by decree in an emergency. He could make decision and laws without having reichstag vote.
What was the strength to constitution?
All Germans had right to vote at age of 20
Proportional representation voting system was fairer
President had similar powers to usa President
Free speech
What was some weaknesses of constitution?
Article 48 would later be used and abused by Hitler to make himself dictator legally
Being asked to vote was seen as a sign of weakness by many Germans
1919 republic had lots of enemies
Why was the Weimar republic unpopular,
Treaty of Versailles damaged economy
German people had to accept blame for starting the war
German people felt unprotected from attack due to military restrictions
Who was the communists?
Extreme left believed everyone should have equal pay and that no one should individually own anything
What was the facists?
Extreme right believe in survival if the fittest the best people deserve what they havr
Who was liebknecht and luxemburg?
Leaders of the spartacists who were communist that tried to overthrow the Weimar
What happened during spartacists?
Tried to start a revolution in Berlin
Took control of governments newspaper but failed
Won support from working class
Murdered liebknecht and luxemburg and crushed uprising
Who was scheidemann?
Leading member of social democratic party who announced the abdication of the Kaiser to German people
Who was max von Baden?
Had been chancellor of Germany under kaider
Who was Matthias erzberger?
Representative who signed the armistice that ended Germany’s involvement in WW1
Who was Groener?
Leader of army in 1918. He was assured by every that the army wouldn’t be reformed if it supported the new Weimar republic
Who was Carl Legien?
Leader if the trade unions in 1918. Promised by ebert that the new republic would try to acheove an eight hour day
Who is Wolfgang kapp?
Figurehead of the right wing kappa putsch of 1919
Who is stresemann?
Became chancellor in 1923 and had a new strategy to deal with Germany’s economic problems. He established a new currency and reduced reparations through the dates and young plan. This also secure loans from the US stresemann also signed the locarno pact which enabled Germany to become a member of the league of nations.
Who is Charles Dawes?
An american banker who was asked by the allies to resolve Germany’s non payment if reparations
Who is Hitler?
WW1 soldier who became chancellor in 1933 and fuhrer in 1934
Who us Drexler?
Leader of the Germans workers party when Hitler joined
Who is Rudolf Hess?
Became Hitler’s deputy in Nazi party
Who is goering?
WW1 pilot who Hitler appoints as his chief of police and is later place in charge if the airforce
Who is Streicher?
Forms a Nazi newspaper called der strummer
Who is strasser?
Leader if the north section of the Nazi party before hilters reforms it when he is released from prison following the failed Munich putsch
Who is Rohm?
Leader of S.A.. Hitler orders his execution during the night of the long knives in 1934
Who is heydrich?
Responsible for deporting Germany’s news to concentration camps. Also controlled the Gestapo from 1934
Who is bruning?
Chancellor of Germany in 1933 before he is forced to resign after losing the support of hindenburg
bruningwho is Hindenburg?
WW1 hero and President of Germany. He reluctantly appoints Hitler as chancellor in 1933 when he is persuded that can be controlled
Who is von papen?
Becomes chancellor after resignation if brining in 1932
Who is Von Schleicher?
Becomes chancellor in 1833 but has no real support. Forced to resign allowing Hitler to take over
Who is van see lubbe?
Dutch communist who is accused by Hitler and the Nazi party if starting reichstag fire
Who is himmler?
In charge of SS and later of concentration camps where the mass murder of the Jewish population took place
Who is Goebbels?
Minister of peoples enlightenment and propaganda for the Nazi party
