Weimar 1918-1929 Flashcards
when was the munich putsch
1923
which party led the munich putsch and who was the leader
the nazi party and hitler
for how long was hitler imprisoned
9 months
why was there lots of political unrest post war
a new government was voted in however this government was very weak and hated by lots
what and when was the port kiel revolution
started in 1918 when sailors refused to go fight the british navy one last time, they rebelled and in total 40000 soldiers,sailors and workers held the port kiel in revolution for the spartacists
what was polarisation (political)
when there are extreme political parties with opposite views
what was the spartacist revolution and the result
an uprising by the spartacist league in 1919 in berlin and the ruhr, the government had to call in the freikorps to crush the rebellion
name 3 extremist militant groups who started to emerge
Sparticists-extreme communists
Freikorps- ex military mercenary group
nazis- right wing extremist group
who helped shut down the 1919 workers rebellion and why
Freikorps as the german army was not strong enough to at the time
what were the conditions of the treaty of versailles
-military reduced to 100000
-concede territory to various different countries
-6.6bn in reparations
acceptance of guilt
when and what was the kapp putsch
1920, the freikorps in an attempt to seize power and install a right wing government marched on the capital, berlin, forcing ebert and his government to flee
how was the kapp putsch stopped
lost momentum as they did not have the support of the poeople especially the workers
what was the berlin pact
an agreement between communist russia and germany to become trading partners but to also allow germany to train its army in russia
what was the ebert-groner pact
a deal between the chancellor and future prime minister that ebert would have full support of the armed forces
when did hyper inflation start
1924
what provoked germany in to hyper inflation
the french occupation of the ruhr
how did the french occupation of the ruhr lead to hyper inflation
the weimar government told workers not to work as it would benefit the french, the government proceeded to print money to pay the workers who were passively resisting, this sent the country in to hyper inflation
when and what was the young plan
was in 1929 and it was a plan to give a 300mil loan to germany and also again reduce their war reparation repayment debt
when and what was the dawes plan
1924-a plan to give loans to germany and reduce their war reparation payments
which parties supported/accepted the weimar republic
-SPD
-zentrum
-National party(unwillingly)
which parties opposed the new weimar republic
-Nazi party
-KPD(communist party)
why was the divisions among the spd party the main reason for the failure of the spartacist rebellion
in 1919 there were 4 different socialist parties, of which 2 refused to join the uprising (spd,uspd) therefore the rebellion didnt have the numbers or momentum as the spartacist and kpd were the smaller parties
what was the nazis views on trade unions
severely disliked them as they were marxist socialists
how many chancellors were in power from 24-28
4
what is the problem of having 4 chancellors in 4 years
there is no political stability, laws, legislations and policies are constantly changing causing no stability
who were ‘the winter criminals’
the german government (ebert) who negotiated their surrender and then accepted the terms to the treaty of versailles
how was germany affected by the 1929 wall street crash
-no more us loans which germany were relying on
-wanted their debts to us paid back
-german banks had invested in US banks so lost money
-unemployment 2-6m in 2 years
-1/3 of germans didnt have regular wages
what economic successes did weimar achieve by 1929
-industry booming again, +4% to pre war numbers
-economic success got them integrated back in to the international society (league of nations)
-exports had increased by 40% from 1925
-young plan decreased their repayments by 75%
how well did the weimar economy perform(failures)
-agriculture still relied on us imports
-economy was built on low interest rate loans that couldnt be payed back (unsustainable growth)
-hyper inflation in 1924
-agriculture output had not recovered to pre war levels
- imports > exports
what areas of culture boomed post war and what were their focuses
-art-focused on war horrors
-cinema-portrayed a strong germany, propaganda
-literature- war horrors and protest due to no censorship
-fashion - was more accessible due to people having more money and a less traditional society
-architecture- lots of buildings destroyed in the war
which social group/religion did the nazis target their aggression at
jews
name 2 extremist political parties that emerged
-KPD (extreme communists)
-Nazi party (extreme nationalist)
what policies directly positively affected workers (weimar)
- wages increased by 10% in 1928
- in 1927 the government introduced pension and unemployment insurance
