Kaiserreich 1871-1918 Flashcards
when where anti socialist laws implemented and removed
implemented:1878
removed:1890
renewed 4 times
which chancellors served under KW2 and when did they rule
caprivi:1890-94
hohenlohe:1894-1900
bulow/the eel:1900-1909
holleweg:1909-1917
who basically ran the country from 71-88 as KW1 was a hands off chancellor
otto van bismarck
what materials were germany lead producers in
steel, iron, coal
what items were germany world leaders in in producing
electrical appliances(dishwashers,washing machines)
how did KW2 anger the British
alienated them in the telegraph interview 1907
what happened in the zabern affair
german troops march on zabern in alsace lorraine and broke up violent protests against their german rulers
name 3 workers acts did caprivi pass
health insurance bill
work place accident insurance
pension plans
what was weltpolitik
the idea that germany was to expand and take foreign territory to rival britains empire
what was the kulturkampf
kulturkampf was a test to make sure that german catholics would put their country before their religion, many catholics and priests were oppressed.
explain why germanys economy was thriving
they had high material exports and were world leaders in selling electrical appliances and cars
explain why germanys economy wasn’t doing well
agriculture had fallen from 40-25% of GNP and due to poor harvest relied on us imports
KW2 constantly requested higher military budget and almost bankrupt germany in 1907 on his navy spending
why did german agriculture struggle
workers moved to city for better pay and hours
people preferred foreign imports as it was better quality so profits were low
name the 3 major political parties and what wing they were
spd-left wing
zentrum-central
conservatives/national liberals-right wing
when did the spd become the biggest party in the reichstag
1912
what problems did the spd cause for the kaiser in the reichstag
spd had majority so he could not pass laws easily- he went over their head and passed them directly
they rejected his requests for increased military budget as they wanted to spend on workers
evidence germany was an autocracy
was one ruler that could overrule anything, had the power to dismiss a reichstag and appoint chancellors
evidence germany was a democracy
-had a reichstag who voted on laws, bills and the kaisers requests
-reichstag was voted in by the public
why was caprivi fired
passed to many left wing bills and failed to pass an anti socialist bill
who were other super powers at the time
russia,usa,britain,france
who were junkers
they were rich prussian elites who owned large amounts of land
who dominated the reichstag in the early years of germany
prussians
what evidence is there to suggest that the prussians dominated new germany
-controlled large parts of the government including the army
-could pass any law or bill as they ha majority seats
-could veto andthing voted on in the bundesrat as they had 17 seats
how did bismarck control the kaiser
every time he didnt get his way, bismarck would threaten to resign and break out in tantrums and heated arguments, which the kaiser didnt want
what were cartels in germany
cartels were big nationwide businesses that would control the market of the product they produced, they would have no competition
what were the benefits of having a cartel system
helped create and maintain steady prices and maintain sustainability and longevity. also allowed those companies to become major exporters as well as the companies were very large
how did the banks help in the rapid growth of germanys economy
set up a long term loaning system to help new buisnesses start up
what is the definition of autarky
to become self sufficient economically, not have to rely on imports
what was the region in which most of germanys raw materials came from
the ruhr
who were germanys enemies and allies by 1914
enemies- britain,france,russia
allies- austria-hungary
name some of hohenloes successes and failures
- succes: 6 year reign, scrapped the foreign trade policy
- failure: failed to pass anti socialist bills, was only elected as he was a push over, his parties influence was declining,failed to undermine the sdp in the reichstag
name caprivis successes and failures
success-recognised trade unions, made social reforms, increased military spending
failures-lost favour with high end conservatives and kaiser
name bulows successes and failures
success-further social reforms and security for workers, tried to persuade workers away from socialism
failure- didnt increase military budget, increased gov. spending and therefore debt by 3x, socialist party grew even bigger despite his efforts
name hollwegs successes and failures
success-took control of the military and foreign policy, balanced spending between demands from the left and the kaiser, women got to vote
failure- vote of no confidence, spd became the largest party, zabern affair
why did the kulturkampf fail
-failed as the catholics always chose their religion
-germany wanted a closer relation with the catholic austria-hungary
-protestants started to oppose kulturkampf as it promoted hostility towards religion
what anti catholic laws were applied to prussia in 1873
-no state financial aid to the church
-prussian catholics were deprived of some legal and civil rights
-existing priests had to retrain and prove loyalty to the state
-appointment of clergy was made by the state not the pope
-only those who studied in germany and passed a state exam could become priests
what were some anti socialist laws implemented in 1878
-socialist organisations such as unions were banned
-socialist meetings were banned
-socialist publications were banned (books,pamphlets,newspapers)
-spd party were banned from the reichstag
which political party did bismarck align himself with from 70-78 and why did it end
-allied with the national liberals
-ended due to clashes over economic protection, socialism laws and military budget
What led to bismarck resigning
-clashes with the new kaiser over socialist views, foreign relations and bismarcks power
who did bismarck align himself with after the NL
zentrum in 1878
when did bismarck pass his protectionist laws
1879
what caused economic growth between 1879-1890
- increased younger population
- availability of new raw materials because of new machinery
- highly developed education system
- banking system was free from state control
- cartel trends
what was the import export gap in 1890 compared to 1913
1890: 200i 153e
1913: 526i 495e
