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germany > the FRG 1949-1991 > Flashcards

the FRG 1949-1991 Flashcards

1
Q

what is basic law

A

they were 4 key principals that the FRG was based on

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2
Q

what were the 4 components of basic law

A
  • the rule of law
  • democratic participation for all
  • federalism
  • social welfare
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3
Q

how were people elected to the bundesrat

A
  • 50% were elected and 50% were chosen from party lists
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4
Q

what was the 5% rule

A
  • to gain membership to the bundesrat/bundestag a party had to at least have 5% of votes
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5
Q

what was the purpose of the 5% rule

A
  • stop to many minor parties entering the reichstag (like nazis)
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6
Q

what were the three main political parties

A
  • CDU/CSU
  • SPD
  • FDP
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7
Q

what was the reinstatement act (1951)

A
  • allowed many ex-nazis to be employed in civil service and businesses were allowed to use their third reich wealth to prosper
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8
Q

what % of officials were nazis in the 50s

A

40-80%

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9
Q

what was the role of the president

A
  • more of a ceremonial role elected by the bundesrat
  • no real power
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10
Q

name adenauers successes as chancellor

A
  • got FRG admitted to Nato and EEC
  • economy boomed
    -put in policies focusing on rebuilding germany
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11
Q

name adenauers failures as chancellor

A
  • spiegel affair
  • Schwabing affair
  • in coalition disputes over attitude toward GDR
  • denazification failed
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12
Q

Why was adenauer so dominant

A
  • SPD - communism was largely unpopular because GDR failures
  • ohne mich
  • economic/ social success
    -social reforms
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13
Q

what social reforms did adenauer make

A
  • bargaining law allowed workers to have a say in their wages by sitting on the company board
  • new pension plan
    -rebuilt 4m homes in 8 years
    -reinstatement law
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14
Q

what was the spiegel affair

A
  • the newspaper ‘der spiegel’ wrote an article outlining germanys poor military performance in a NATO military exercise
  • a judge allowed the arrest warrants of the authors and they were arrested, even one in holiday in Spain
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15
Q

what were the schwabing riots

A

student riots in munich protesting unlawful arrests

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16
Q

what failures did erhard experience

A
  • FDP resigned from the coalition
  • inflation at 4% in 1966
  • NPD won seats in local elections
  • cuts in spending plans
  • rise in interest rates
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17
Q

what successes did the grand coalition achieve

A
  • gave SPD a chance in government
  • DKP formed as the official communist party
  • stabilised inflation by centralising tax and spending powers
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18
Q

what failures did the grand coalition experience

A
  • an elected committee could take control of county in emergency
  • NPD gained 48 seats in lander governments
  • faced lots of protest
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19
Q

what successes did Brandt achieve

A
  • reformed criminal law
  • rise in pensions
  • more social housing
    -more accessible education
    voting age lowered to 18
  • ost politik
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20
Q

what failures did brandt experience

A
  • failed to control inflation
  • some SPD members defected to CDU
  • Bribed MP’s to vote in his favour in vote of no confidence (won by 2 votes)
  • one of his cabinet was GDR spy
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21
Q

what successes did Schmidt experience

A
  • mogadishu issue dealt with successfully
  • dealt with rising inflation
  • closer us relation due to nuclear weapon placement
  • opened the idea of closer relations with GDR
22
Q

what failures did schmidt experience

A
  • rise in unemployment
  • growing terrorism (RAF)
  • lots of opposition to nukes
23
Q

what was the construction law

A
  • pledge to support large scale building projects
24
Q

when did the FDP breakaway from the CDU

A

1956

25
Q

why was kiesinger unpopular

A

he was a former nazi party member

26
Q

what was brandts Ostpolitik

A

established a series of treaties between 70-73 for mutual recognition and cooperation

27
Q

what were the 1968 emergency laws

A
  • new constitution that in an emergency an elected committee of 22 members could take control of the country
28
Q

what reasons were there for student protest

A
  • auschwitz trials 1963-65
  • protest to vietnam war
  • anti americanism
  • over crowded unis with former nazi lecturers
29
Q

what were some of the first protest movements

A
  • sit in over uni overcrowding (4000)
  • ## student protest to the leader of iran visiting berlin
30
Q

Who were the RAF

A

the red army faction were a far left militant group that committed acts of violence

31
Q

what did the RAF stand for

A

hated usa imperialism and the new west german government

32
Q

what was the aim of the raf

A

to spark large retaliation from usa by attacking military bases in order to spark wider revolution

33
Q

what were some of the major acts of terrorism that the raf did

A
  • assassinated the head of the supreme court
  • kidnapped another politician
  • held the german embassy in stockholm hostage
34
Q

why was there a growth in environmental protest

A
  • increase in building of airports and roads
  • new nuclears pershing missiles placed in germany
35
Q

what was the economics annual growth in each decade

A

50s - 8.2%
60s - 4.6%
70s - 2.8%
early 80s - 0.7%
later 80s - 2.6%

36
Q

what domestic policies led to the boom in the 50s

A
  • wage controls removed
  • income tax reduced
  • industries decentralised
  • credit schemes for small industries set up
37
Q

what were key premises of the social market economy

A
  • businesses free to set own wages
  • state would regulate competition
  • ensure workers had a voice
38
Q

what acts/policies were introduced to enforce the social market economy

A
  • investment aid law (1951)
  • co-determination law (1951)
  • trade agreements to half tariffs
  • laws to prevent monopolies
39
Q

in what ways did the economy thrive in the 50s

A
  • unemployment fell to 0.5%
  • reinvestment profits rose 5%
  • old industries thrived (automobile)
40
Q

how did germany solve their shortage of workers in the 60s

A
  • employment of gastarbeiter (guest workers)
  • made up 10% of the work force
41
Q

what economic issues occured around 1965

A
  • GDP growth fell to 2.9%
  • inflation at 4%
  • industrial growth fell to 1.2%
  • large amounts of government spending
42
Q

how did kiesinger help restore economic stability

A
  • stabilisation law to centralise spending/taxing powers
  • allocation of funds to improve infrastructure
  • increase in indirect taxation
43
Q

what significant european integration did the frg see

A
  • joining the ECSC
  • joined the IMF
  • joined EEC
44
Q

what world problems led to recession

A
  • europe post war boom slowing
  • first oil crisis
45
Q

what economic problems did FRG face in the 70s

A
  • paid 17bn more for imports due to rise in oil and food prices
  • unemployment rose
  • driving on sundays banned to preserve fuel
  • 9.5m BOP surplus fell to a 692m deficit in year
46
Q

what responses were there to the firts oil crisis

A
  • spending cuts
  • raised VAT
  • created the EMs to stabilise EU exchange rates
47
Q

how were nazi attitudes differing between generations

A
  • older generation was ready to leave it behind and forget about it
  • new generation blamed their parents and wanted to accept their past
48
Q

what existing nazi presence wa there in germany

A
  • nazi reunions by former ss members and nazi party members
  • emergence of neo nazis
  • nazis in government
49
Q

what influence did rich landowners still have

A
  • many devolved in to business
  • many were politicians and on university chairs
50
Q

what changes did the working class see (frg)

A
  • mass industrialisation led to a higher skilled workforce
  • increased representation
  • shift to the service sector
51
Q

what changes did women see (frg)

A
  • expansion of education gave women more opportunities
  • women rose to over half the work force by 1989
  • act to prevent sex discrim in work place
  • wider range of career opportunities

germany (4 decks)

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