Weight, Eating Disorders, Exercise and Lifestyle

Question 1

The location of body fat is an indicator for health risks. In what region is fat dangerous to be stored in? Explain why

Answer 1

Abdominal region
Adipose tissue releases cytokines (pro-inflamm)
Due to their proximity to organs is more dangerous than if the fat was subcutaneous and lower away from organs

Question 2

The Hierarchy of nutrient use dictates how our bodies treat nutrients depending on content of meal. Describe this hierarchy. (Basically what nutrients are used first)

Answer 2

AA are used first to provide substrates for protein synth in cells
Next carbs are used to replenish glycogen stores and provide glucose to tissues
Finally fat is used
Anything in excess is stored in adipose tissue

Question 3

What is non-exercise activity thermogenesis?

Answer 3

Energy expended in digestion, absorption, metabolism and storage of ingested macronutrients

Question 4

What is Yo-Yo dieting?

Answer 4

Follows the same principles of cycle diets where rapid weight loss leads to decrease in basal metabolic rate causing the person to feel fatigue and dec activity. This in turn leads to food cravings and returning to former eating habits only to engage in rapid weight gain. Person gets feelings of guilt and shame and begin a new diet

Question 5

Why is Yo-Yo dieting bad?

Answer 5

It leads to more weight gain and decreased self-esteem

Question 6

What is Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 6

Anorexia Nervosa: Persistent restriction of E intake that leads to significantly low body weight. Caused by an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat

Question 7

What is Bulimia Nervosa?

Answer 7

Bulimia Nervosa: Repeated binging episodes with a feeling of lack of control of over eating
Repeated compensation after binging of vomiting, misuse of laxatives or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain

Question 8

What is binge eating disorder?

Answer 8

People consume unusually large amounts of food and feel they have no control over stopping

Question 9

What is the process of ATP generation during exercise?

Answer 9

Stored ATP is used instantly
Creatine phosphate is then used (High E compound stored in muscles)
Glucose from muscle, glycogen and blood glucose used
After 2-3 mins, O2 delivered and aerobic take place

Question 10

List three physiologoical changes that can be brought about by exercise

Answer 10

Cardioresp system adapts (Stroke vol inc due to larger stronger heart)
Number of cap in muscle inc to deliver O2 more efficiently(Inc in blood vol and RBC)
Inc in number and size of mitochondria in muscle cells

Question 11

There are three basic metabolic defects that char T2DM. What are they?

Answer 11

Insulin resistance
Insulin secretory defect that is NOT autoimmune
Inc in glucose prod by liver

Question 12

What are some lifestyle modifications to manage diabetes?

Answer 12

Healthy Eating
Increase physical activity (150mins aerobic exercise/week)
Smoking cessation
Stress Management

Question 13

Are the elderly at risk for food insecurity?

Answer 13

In terms of finances, No

Due to governmental social assistance

Question 14

Why are food banks ineffective?

Answer 14

People who need them don’t use them
They do not address the root cause which is poverty
Basically it is a solution that treats the symptom not the disease

Question 15

There are three rankings in the HFI measurement, marginal, moderate and severe. What do these rankings mean?

Answer 15

Marginal: Worry about running out of food selection because of lack of money for food
Moderate: Compromise in quality and/or quantity of food due to a lack of money for food
Severe: Miss meals, reduce food intake and at most extreme go days without food

Question 16

Which population are at risk for food insecurity?

Answer 16

Individuals/families who:
Have a lower income
Lack homeownership
Have aboriginal status
Are recent immigrants
Rely on social assistance
Are lone-parent female-led

Question 17

To be classified for metabolic syndrome you need to meet 3 out of 5 criteria. What are these 5?

Answer 17

Prediabetes/diabetes
BP >130/85
Triglycerides >1.7 mmol/L
HDL <1.0 mmol/L
Abdominal Obesity >102 cm (men) 88 (women)