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Nutrition > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What factors affect the bioavailability of vitamins?

A

Low-fat diet may inhib absorption of fat-soluble vitamin
Carrier proteins may be required
Provitamin forms may be absorbed and require conversion to active form
Interaction with other dietary comp may also affect absorption

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2
Q

Why do smokers experience a vitamin C deficiency?

A

Vitamin C is an antioxidant

Smokers introduce large amounts of oxidants into body that requires large amounts of vit c to get rid of

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3
Q

What is the difference between food fortification and food enrichment?

A

Food fortification have nutrients added that are not normally found in that food
Food enrichment have nutrients added back that have been removed in processing

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4
Q

How is the absorption of water-soluble vitamins different from fat-soluble?

A

Fat-Soluble need to be encased in chylomicrons

Water-soluble are able to go into absorptive cells and get transported to where they are needed

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5
Q

Is it common to have toxic levels of water vitamins? Why or why not?

A

Less likely to be preset at toxic levels
Excreted when ingested in excess
However this means tissue depletion can occur more readily

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6
Q

In what food sources would you find thiamin?

A

Grain products and meats

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7
Q

What is the leading cause of thiamin deficiency? What are its symptoms?

A

Alcohol abuse leads to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Lack of energy, weakness and neurological symptoms

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8
Q

What is thiamin required for?

A

Glucose metabolism

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9
Q

What is the function of riboflavin?

A

Energy production and cell respiration
Iron mobilization
Conversion of vitamins into active forms

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10
Q

Where do you find riboflavin in diet?

A

Milk
Meat
Vegetables
Grains

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11
Q

Symptoms of riboflavin deficiency

A

Poor wound healing
Inflamm of eyes, lips, mouth and tongue
Confusion

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12
Q

Symptoms of niacin deficiency (3Ds)

A

Dermatitis, dementia and diarrhea

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13
Q

Function of vitamin B6

A

Metabolism of AA
Hemoglobin synthesis
WBC formation
Production of myelin sheet

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14
Q

Source of vitamin B6 in diet

A

Brown rice

Meat

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15
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B6 causes

A

Neurological symptoms due to role in NT synth or myelin formation
Anemia

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16
Q

Source of vitamin B12 in diet

A

Mostly available in animal products

17
Q

Func of Vitamin B12

A

Myelin sheath formation
Breakdown of FA
Homocysteine to methionine conversion rxn

18
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B12

A

Inc blood levels of homocysteine

Megaloblastic anemia

19
Q

What is folate needed for?

A

Required for DNA synthesis and metabolism of some AA

20
Q

Deficiency of folate leads to

Explain why

A

Megaloblastic anemia

Folate needed for DNA synthesis to tell RBC to divide

21
Q

Why is excess folate dangerous?

A

Can mask symptoms of B12 deficiency
Allows conversion of methyl folate to folate without need for B12
Anemia symptoms masked however lack of B12 still interferes with myelin sheath synth

22
Q

What is the func of vitamin C

A

Coenzyme for synth of bile acids, NT, hormones and FA metabolism
Neutralization of oxygen free radicals

23
Q

Where is vitamin C found in diet

A

Fresh fruits and vegetables

Good sources like broccoli and strawberries

24
Q

Why is it easy to get toxic levels of fat-soluble vitamins?

A

Stored in fat

Leads to higher danger of it building up

25
Q

Function of vitamin A

A

Needed for cell differentiation (Mucus secreting cells in eyes replaced by keratin-producing cells)
Retinal for light-sensing in eye

26
Q

Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin A

A

Blindness

Decreased immune func

27
Q

Sources of vitamin A in diet

A

Beef liver
Orange and yellow vegetables
Eggs

28
Q

Function of Vitamin D

A

Maintain calcium and phosphorous levels in blood

Inc expression of calcium transport proteins

29
Q

Deficiency of vitamin D

A

Rickets in children

Osteomalacia in adults

30
Q

Sources of vitamin D in diet

A

Eggs
Salmon
Milk

31
Q

What is the function of vitamin E?

A

Scavenges free radicals

Protects proteins and DNA

32
Q

Sources of vitamin E in diet

A 
Sunflower seeds
Almonds
Nuts
Oil
Eggs
Salmon
Fruits and vegetables
33
Q

Function of vitamin K

A

Necessary to enable blood clots to form

Bone mineralization

34
Q

Sources of vitamin K in diet

A

Fruits and vegetables

35
Q

What are the signs of vitamins A, D, and K toxicities

A

A: Weight loss, muscle and joint pain, liver damage and birth defects (Give pregnant women carotenoids)
D: Calcium deposition in blood vessels and kidney
K: No known toxic effects, may interfere with anticoagulant drugs

Nutrition (12 decks)

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