Macronutrients

Question 1

What is the RDA for carbs?

Answer 1

150 g/day

Question 2

What are the benefits of fibre?

Answer 2

Gives more bulk
Faster transit time
Slows absorption and digestion of nutrients
Aids in excretion of bile acids and chol

Question 3

What is the glycemic index?

Answer 3

Measure of blood glucose response to diff carbs that you consume compared to glucose
(Measure of how much 50g of a substance will raise the blood glucose)

Question 4

What is the glycemic load?

Answer 4

Takes into account the response of blood to car but looks into amt of carb in a serving of food

Question 5

What is the treatment for diverticulitis?

Answer 5

Lower fibre intake to reduce irritation and add antibiotics to clear infection
After resolution of infection, inc fibre intake and fluid

Question 6

What are the three main factors required for celiac disease?

Answer 6

Genetically susceptible
Autoantigen (tissue transglutaminase)
Environmental trigger (gluten)

Question 7

What are the steps to diagnosis celiac disease?

Answer 7

Step 1: Serological testing

Step 2: SI biopsy

Question 8

What is the importance of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids?

Answer 8

Prod cellular regulators that control blood clotting, smooth muscle contractility, inflammation and brain development

Question 9

What are the 4 types of lipoprotein molecules?

Answer 9

Chylomicron
VLDL
LDL
HDL

Question 10

How is atherosclerosis developed?

Answer 10

Building up of LDL in bloodstream allows crossing of subintimal layers of arteries
LDL becomes oxidized, creates foam cells that slow down blood flow
Muscle tries to go over plaque and wall it off from bloodstream
As progression goes, fibrous cap created on top of plaque but eventually gets broken up
Contents of fibrous cap then travel through blood and create clots

Question 11

What is the effect of saturated fatty acids on cholesterol levels?

Answer 11

Results in dec of LDL receptor and allow buildup of LDL chol in blood

Question 12

What is the effect of trans fatty acids on cholesterol levels?

Answer 12

Inc chol synthesis and inc LDL chol in blood while dec HDL chol

Question 13

What is the effect of omega 6 on cholesterol levels?

Answer 13

Inc prod of LDL receptor and bile acid synthesis

Question 14

What is the effect of omega 3 on cholesterol levels?

Answer 14

Dec fatty acids oxidation, dec VLDL synthesis, inc VLDL uptake

Question 15

What is the effect of mono-unsaturated fatty acids on cholesterol levels?

Answer 15

Dec LDL oxidation

Question 16

What are amino acids use for?

Answer 16

Energy production
Synthesis of glucose or fatty acids
Synthesis of nonprotein molecule that contain nitrogen

Question 17

What are some sources of animal and plant protein?

Answer 17

Animal: Meat, fish, dairy and eggs
Plant: Legumes, vege, and grains

Question 18

Adult recommendation for protein

Answer 18

0.8g/kg/day

Question 19

Why are infants and athletes at risk for dehydration?

Answer 19

Infants: Have higher body surface area with body not being good at concentrating urine
Athletes: Exercising in warm environments, long distance events