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Psychology 1B > Weeks 8 & 9 - Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Weeks 8 & 9 - Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Signal that something is missing e.g. lack of emotion, lack of motivation, withdrawal from relationships

A

Schizophrenia negative symptoms

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2
Q

Presence of something not usually there e.g. hallucinations or delusions

A

Schizophrenia positive symptoms

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3
Q

Characterized by attacks of intense fear and feelings of doom- attacks can include physiological and psychological symptoms

A

Panic disorder

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4
Q

Persistent irrational thoughts or ideas

A

Obsessions

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5
Q

Intentional behaviours or acts in response to obsessions

A

Compulsions

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6
Q

Where individuals have at least two separate personalities, formerly referred to as multiple personality disorder.

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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7
Q

Loss or significant change in physical function (e.g. loss of sight) in the absence of a physical diagnosis

A

Conversion disorder

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8
Q

An irrational fear

A

Phobia

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9
Q

Fear of being in places or situations where it is difficult to escape

A

Agoraphobia

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10
Q

Stereotype acts performed in response to an obsession

A

Compultions

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11
Q

Persistent anxiety and/or excessive worry about life circumstances

A

Generalised anxiety disorder

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12
Q

The psychodynamic approach relies on a number of techniques to bring about therapeutic change. Which of the following is NOT associated with the psychodynamic approach to bringing about change?

a. Free association
b. Interpretation
c. Analysis of transference
d. Social skills training

A

d. Social skills training

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13
Q

The basis or foundation of the cognitive-behavioural approach to therapy is:

a. the metaphor ‘the mind is like a machine’.
b. the manner of processing between normal and abnormal individuals.
c. that symptoms are maladaptive learned behaviour patterns that can be changed.
d. that learning is primary in life.

A

c. that symptoms are maladaptive learned behaviour patterns that can be changed.

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14
Q

The psychodynamic process in which people take thoughts, feelings, fears, wishes, and conflicts from past relationships, particularly in childhood, and bring them to new relationships, especially with their therapists, is termed:

a. projection.
b. transference.
c. free association.
d. countertransference

A

b. transference

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15
Q

The idea that dysfunctional cognitions underlie psychological disorders is the aim of:

a. information processing therapy
b. cognitive therapy
c. belief systems therapy
d. humanistic therapy

A

b. cognitive therapy

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16
Q

Tarek goes to his therapist to get treatment for his severe depression. His therapist asks him to lie down on a couch in a slightly darkened room. The therapist then sits slightly behind him and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to mind. The therapist is most likely practising:

A

psychanalysis

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17
Q

Raymond Cattell used factor analysis to reduce Allport and Odbert’s list of 18,000 words. He argued that there are how many basic personality traits?

A

sixteen

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18
Q

A student of mine tells me that she suffers from ___________. To support her self-diagnosis, she tells me that last night she ate nine Chinese combination plates for dinner at one sitting. Immediately after eating, she vomited the meals. She also mentions that she likes the good feeling that follows the act of vomiting. She is suffering from what disorder?

A

bulimia

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19
Q

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of mania?
a. Inflated sense of self
b. Racing thoughts
c. Persistence
d. The constant need to talk

A

c. Persistence

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20
Q

Psychoses are most accurately described as:

a. chronic and severe disturbances that substantially inhibit the capacity to love and to work
b. gross disturbances involving a loss of touch with reality
c. enduring maladaptive patterns of thought, feeling, and behaviour that lead to chronic disturbances in interpersonal and occupational functioning
d. problems in living, such as constant self-doubt and repetitive interpersonal problems

A

b. gross disturbances involving a loss of touch with reality

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21
Q

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is:

a. common during the late summer, leading some to speculate that it may be associated with allergic responses to pollen
b. more frequent during the summer, when it is hot
c. more frequent during the winter months, because of the lack of sunlight
d. more frequent during the winter months, because of the cold

A

c. more frequent during the winter months, because of the lack of sunlight

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22
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include:
a. loose associations
b. delusions
c. blunted emotional response
d. all of the options listed

A

c. blunted emotional response

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23
Q

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are so named because:

a. they allow the patient to continue to function within society
b. they are the clearer signs of possible recovery from schizophrenia than the negative symptoms, which tend to predict a much more unfavourable outcome
c. they are the most responsive to antipsychotic medication
d. they reflect the presence of something not usually or previously there

A

d. they reflect the presence of something not usually or previously there

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24
Q

Each of the following is a compulsion, except:

a. persistent counting.
b. constant hand-washing.
c. continual touching.
d. repetitive thoughts.

A

d. repetitive thoughts.

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25
Q

Substance-related disorders are characterised by:
a. persistent violations of social norms and the rights of others
b. inattention and impulsiveness
c. continued use of a substance that negatively affects psychological and social functioning
d. all of the options listed

A

c. continued use of a substance that negatively affects psychological and social functioning

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26
Q

What type of anxiety disorder affects 2 percent of the population, and is characterised by persistent anxiety at a moderate but disturbing level and excessive and unrealistic worry about life circumstances?
a. Generalised
b. Dysfunctional
c. Chronic
d. Disruptive

A

a. Generalised

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27
Q

Which disorder is characterised by attacks of intense fear and feelings of doom or terror not justified by the situation?
a. Panic disorder
b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. Post-traumatic stress disorder
d. Anxiety disorder

A

a. Panic disorder

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28
Q

Depression is likely to be associated with which other disorder?
a. Borderline personality disorder
b. Schizophrenia
c. Anxiety disorders
d. All of the options listed

A

c. Anxiety disorders

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29
Q

A disorder characterised by major disturbances in emotion and mood.

A

Major depressive disorder

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30
Q

A chronic low-level depression of more than two years’ duration, with intervals of normal moods that never last more than a few weeks or months also known dysthymic disorder.

A

Persistent depressive disorder

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31
Q

A disorder marked by flashbacks and recurrent thoughts of a psychologically distressing event outside the range of usual human experience.

A

Post-traumatic stress disorder

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32
Q

Disorders characterised by disruptions in consciousness, memory, sense of identity or perception of the environment.

A

Dissociative disorders

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33
Q

Disorders characterised by complaints of pain, suffering or illness but no physical problems can be identified to explain the ailments.

A

Somatic symptom disorders

34
Q

A disturbance in which a child persistently violates the rights of others as well as societal norms

A

Conduct disorder

35
Q

Disorders that are characterised by maladaptive personality patterns that lead to chronic disturbances in interpersonal and occupational functioning.

A

Personality disorders

36
Q

A personality disorder characterised by extremely unstable interpersonal relationships, dramatic mood swings, an unstable sense of identity, intense fears of abandonment, manipulativeness and impulsive behaviour.

A

Borderline personality disorder

37
Q

A disorder marked by a pattern of irresponsible and socially disruptive behaviour in a variety of areas.

A

Antisocial personality disorder

38
Q

Cognitive mechanisms by which a depressed person transforms neutral or positive information into a depressive direction

A

Cognitive distortions

39
Q

A disorder characterised by age-inappropriate inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity

A

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

40
Q

The most severe dissociative disorder; also known as multiple personality disorder

A

dissociative identity disorder

41
Q

The tendency of family interactions to be characterised by criticism, hostile interchanges and emotional overinvolvement or intrusiveness by family members

A

expressed emotion

42
Q

A period of a abnormally euphoric, elevated or expansive mood

A

mania

43
Q

A disorder characterised by attacks of intense fear and feelings of doom or terror not justified by the situation

A

panic disorder

44
Q

According to the diathesis-stress model, what does “diathesis” refer to?

A) The presence of environmental stressors.
B) The interaction between genetic and environmental factors.
C) Predisposing factors or vulnerabilities.
D) Protective factors that buffer against stress.

A

C) Predisposing factors or vulnerabilities.

45
Q

Which of the following best represents an example of diathesis-stress interaction?
A) A person with a genetic vulnerability to depression experiences a major life loss.
B) A person with high levels of stress develops a mental illness due to excessive pressure.
C) An individual with a family history of anxiety disorder grows up in a supportive environment.
D) A person with a history of trauma develops a mental illness without any stressors.

A

A) A person with a genetic vulnerability to depression experiences a major life loss.

46
Q

Which of the following is a limitation of the diathesis-stress model?
A) It overlooks the role of genetic factors in mental illness.
B) It fails to consider the impact of environmental stressors.
C) It assumes that stressors have the same impact on everyone.
D) It cannot explain the development of mental illness in childhood.

A

C) It assumes that stressors have the same impact on everyone.

47
Q

According to the diathesis-stress model, which of the following is likely to have the highest risk of developing a mental illness?
A) An individual with a strong genetic vulnerability and a history of childhood trauma.
B) An individual with low levels of stress and no family history of mental illness.
C) An individual with average genetic susceptibility and chronic exposure to environmental stressors.
D) An individual with high levels of stress but no genetic predisposition to mental illness.

A

A) An individual with a strong genetic vulnerability and a history of childhood trauma.

48
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mental illness that can be explained by the diathesis-stress model?
A) Major depressive disorder
B) Generalized anxiety disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

D) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

49
Q

Which of the following is NOT a change from the previous version (DSM-IV) to the DSM-5?
A) Removal of the multiaxial system.
B) Introduction of dimensional assessments.
C) Elimination of the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder.
D) Incorporation of cultural considerations.

A

C) Elimination of the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder.

50
Q

What are the main symptoms of mania in bipolar disorder?
A) Feelings of sadness and hopelessness
B) Decreased need for sleep and rapid speech
C) Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
D) Fatigue and lack of energy

A

B) Decreased need for sleep and rapid speech

51
Q

Which type of bipolar disorder is characterized by manic episodes but may or may not have major depressive episodes?
A) Bipolar I
B) Bipolar II
C) Cyclothymia
D) None of the above

A

A) Bipolar I

52
Q

What is the main difference between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders?
A) Bipolar I has both manic and major depressive episodes, while bipolar II has only hypomanic and major depressive episodes.
B) Bipolar II has both manic and major depressive episodes, while bipolar I has only hypomanic and major depressive episodes.
C) Bipolar I is more severe than bipolar II.
D) There is no significant difference between bipolar I and bipolar II.

A

A) Bipolar I has both manic and major depressive episodes, while bipolar II has only hypomanic and major depressive episodes.

53
Q

Which of the following is NOT a subtype of depressive disorder?
A) Major depressive disorder
B) Persistent depressive disorder
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Seasonal affective disorder

A

C) Bipolar disorder

54
Q

How long does persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) typically last?
A) Less than 2 weeks
B) 2-4 months
C) More than 2 years
D) Indeterminate duration

A

C) More than 2 years

55
Q

According to the diathesis-stress model, how does schizophrenia develop?
A) Due to a single genetic risk factor
B) Exclusively as a result of environmental factors
C) In individuals with an underlying biological vulnerability compounded by stress
D) Only due to neural atrophy in specific brain regions

A

C) In individuals with an underlying biological vulnerability compounded by stress

56
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
A) It suggests that individuals with schizophrenia have too little dopamine in the brain.
B) It proposes that a single neurotransmitter, dopamine, is solely responsible for schizophrenia.
C) The hypothesis is controversial, and the relationship between dopamine and schizophrenia is complex.
D) It asserts that individuals with schizophrenia have normal dopamine levels in the brain.

A

C) The hypothesis is controversial, and the relationship between dopamine and schizophrenia is complex.

57
Q

Which personality disorder is characterized by unstable personal relationships, mood swings, manipulative behavior, and self-harm?

A

Borderline Personality Disorder

58
Q

Which personality disorder is associated with irresponsible and socially disruptive behavior, often disregarding the rights of others?

A

Antisocial Personality Disorder

59
Q

Which personality disorder involves a sense of grandiosity, a strong need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others?

A

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

60
Q

Which personality disorder involves a detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression?

A

Schizoid Personality Disorder

61
Q

Which personality disorder is characterized by acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentric behavior?

A

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

62
Q

Which personality disorder involves excessive emotionality and a constant need for attention?

A

Histrionic Personality Disorder

63
Q

Which personality disorder is characterized by social inhibition and avoidance, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation?

A

Avoidant Personality Disorder

64
Q

Which personality disorder involves submissive and clinging behavior, along with an excessive need to be taken care of?

A

Dependent Personality Disorder

65
Q

Which personality disorder is associated with a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and a need for control?

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

66
Q

Which type of medication is commonly abused and can lead to dependence and addiction?

A

Painkillers

67
Q

Which type of medication is often misused for its sedative effects and can contribute to substance use disorders?

A

Sleeping pills

68
Q

Which eating disorder involves self-imposed starvation, excessive exercise, or intentional restriction of food intake, resulting in a body weight below the healthy range?

A

Anorexia nervosa

69
Q

True or False: Some individuals with anorexia nervosa may engage in episodes of overeating followed by attempts to undo or compensate for the consumed food.

A

True

70
Q

Which eating disorder is characterized by a pattern of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors?

A

Bulimia nervosa

71
Q

Which eating disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating without the presence of compensatory behaviors?

A

Binge-eating disorder

72
Q

What is illness anxiety disorder previously known as?

A

Hypochondriasis or hypochondria

73
Q

Fear of being in places or situations that may be difficult to escape from, such as shopping centers or elevators. It may present as a panic attack.

A

Agoraphobia

74
Q

Excessive worry accompanied by physiological symptoms of anxiety. The worry is uncontrollable and can be about various aspects of life.

A

Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

75
Q

What is the main belief of psychodynamic therapies?
a) Symptoms result from unconscious conflicts
b) Symptoms result from external factors
c) Symptoms result from cognitive distortions
d) Symptoms result from conditioning principles

A

a) Symptoms result from unconscious conflicts

76
Q

What is the goal of psychodynamic therapy?
a) Changing irrational beliefs
b) Modifying behavior through conditioning
c) Gaining insights into unconscious conflicts
d) Improving interpersonal relationships

A

c) Gaining insights into unconscious conflicts

77
Q

Which technique in psychodynamic therapy encourages patients to freely express their thoughts?
a) Interpretation
b) Transference
c) Free association
d) Flooding

A

c) Free association

78
Q

What does interpersonal psychotherapy focus on?
a) Modifying behavior through conditioning
b) Gaining insights into unconscious conflicts
c) Resolving interpersonal problems and improving relationships
d) Teaching specific skills to manage anxiety

A

c) Resolving interpersonal problems and improving relationships

79
Q

How long is a typical duration of CBT sessions?
a) 6-10 sessions
b) 10-15 sessions
c) 15-20 sessions
d) Over 20 sessions

A

a) 6-10 sessions

80
Q

What is the primary focus of humanistic therapies?
a) Modifying behavior through conditioning
b) Challenging cognitive distortions
c) Gaining insights into unconscious conflicts
d) Individuals’ conscious experiences and relationships

A

d) Individuals’ conscious experiences and relationships

81
Q

Which technique in gestalt therapy emphasizes awareness of feelings?
a) Exposure therapy
b) Graded exposure
c) Mindfulness practices
d) Empty-chair technique

A

d) Empty-chair technique

Psychology 1B (4 decks)

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