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TIB 101 w Kunsang > Weeks 5 & 6: Tones > Flashcards

Weeks 5 & 6: Tones Flashcards

Week 5 included Wylie for Sanskrit and the beginning of Tones, week 6 was tones. The tone portions are combined in this set.

1
Q

ཀ ཅ ཏ པ ཙ ཤ ས ཨ

A

High tone (yellow); tone never changes

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2
Q

ག ཆ ཕ ཚ ཧ

A

Highest tone (green); tone never changes

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3
Q

ག ཇ ད བ ཛ འ

A

Lowest tone (blue: memorize these); tone raised slightly to red sometimes

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4
Q

ང ཉ ན མ ཡ ར ལ ཝ ཞ ཟ

A

Low tone (red); raised to high tone sometime

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5
Q

High tone 2nd syllable tendency

A

Generally in 2 syllable words, second syllable is pronounced high tone even if it’s naturally low tone: e.g. བོད་ཇ་ “tea” ཇ་ is pronounced higher than བོང་

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6
Q

If first syllable of disyllabic word is high, what generally happens?

A

Both syllables are pronounced high: e.g. རྟ་མོ་ “mare” sounds like two high tones

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7
Q

2nd syllable lowered tone for semantic purposes

A

The second syllable of a verb may be lowered in order to distinguish it from a noun or adjective. Examples are given in separate cards with duplicated spelling in questions.

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8
Q

འགྲོ་བ་ / འགྲོ་བ་

A

2nd syl. high: “transmigrator” (noun)
2nd syl. low: “to go” (verb)

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9
Q

མཅོད་པ་ / མཅོད་པ་

A

2nd syl. high: “offering” (noun)
2nd syl. low: “to offer” (verb)

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10
Q

གསལ་བ་ / གསལ་བ་

A

2nd syl. high: “clear” (noun)
2nd syl. low: “to clarify” (verb)

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11
Q

ཐུག་པ་ / ཐུག་པ་

A

2nd syl. high: “soup” (noun)
2nd syl. low: “to meet” (verb)

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12
Q

སྲུང་པ་ / སྲུང་པ་

A

2nd syl. high: “guardian” (noun)
2nd syl. low: “to protect” (verb)

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13
Q

Syllable sectioning: generally

A

1st syllable 2nd-3rd syllables
high low-high
(examples in separate cards)

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14
Q

སྙིང་རྗེ་པོ་

A

“beautiful”
pronounced high-low-high

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15
Q

སྤྱན་རན་གཟིགས་

A

“Avalokiteśvara”
pronounced high-low-high

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16
Q

There are variations in syllable sectioning. If middle syllable is naturally high-tone: ____

A

All three syllables might be pronounced high-tone (examples in separate cards)

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17
Q

གལ་ཆེན་པོ་

A

“important”
Prounounced high-high-high

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18
Q

སྒམ་པོ་པ་

A

“Gampopa”
Prounounced high-high-high

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19
Q

If the last syllable is a nominalizing particle such as པ and མ that emphasizes a gender distinction, _____

A

The last syllable will sound high tone and be separated from the first two as though they were a two syllable word. Examples in separate cards.

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20
Q

དགེ་སློང་མ་

A

“nun”
pronounced low-high-low

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21
Q

མཁའ་འགྲོ་མ་

A

“ḍākinī”
pronounced low-high-low

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22
Q

Consonant restoration with adjacent letters

A

A normally silent prefix might be restored as though it were the previous syllable’s suffix. Examples in separate cards.

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23
Q

བཅུ་གཅིག་

A

“eleven”
pronounced cug cig

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24
Q

ས་བཀྲ་

A

“map”
pronounced sap tra

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25
Q

ཨ་མདོ་

A

“Amdo”
pronounced am do

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26
Q

མཁའ་འགྲོ་

A

“ḍāka”
pronounced khan dro
(the འ is “restored” as nasalization)

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27
Q

སྤྱོད་འཇུག་

A

Abbr. for “Bodhicaryāvatāra” which is Abbr. for “Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra” pronounced
cön jug (འ restored as nasalization)

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28
Q

Consonant restoration with superfix letters ར and ལ and also ལྡ, ལྗ, ཟླ. What happens?

A

Superfix ར or ལ could be restored. ལྡ, ལྗ, ཟླ produce nasalization, as with འ (examples in separate cards)

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29
Q

རྡོ་རྗེ་

A

“vajra”
pron. dor je
(ར restored from རྗེ)

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30
Q

དགའ་ལྔན་

A

“Tushita”
pron. gan den
(nasalization “restored” from ལྔ)

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31
Q

དཔལ་ལྡན་

A

“glorious”
pron. peln den
(nasalization “restored” from ལྔ)

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32
Q

ཡུལ་ལྗོངས་

A

“natural landscape”
pron. yüln jong
(nasalization “restored” from ལྗ)

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33
Q

སྤྱི་ཟླ་

A

“solar month”
pron. cin da
(nasalization “restored” from ཟླ)

34
Q

tone for མནའ་

A

“vow”
high tone (yellow)

35
Q

tone for ན་

A

“ill”
low tone (red)

36
Q

tone for འཇའ་

A

“rainbow”
low tone (red)

37
Q

tone for ཇ་

A

“tea”
lowest tone (blue)

38
Q

tone for དུག་

A

“poison”
lowest tone (blue)

39
Q

tone for སྡུག་

A

“pain/suffering”
low tone (red)

40
Q

tone for མ་

A

“mother”
low tone (red)

41
Q

tone for རྨ་

A

“wound”
high tone (yellow)

42
Q

དག་

A

“pure”
dag

43
Q

དགའ་

A

“joy”
dga’

44
Q

གན་

A

“upward facing”
gan

45
Q

གནའ་

A

“early times”
gna’

46
Q

མན་

A

“from below”
man

47
Q

མནའ་

A

“promise”
mna’

48
Q

མང་

A

“many, a lot”
mang

49
Q

མངའ་

A

“having”
mnga’

50
Q

བུམ་

A

“cup”
lowest tone - blue

51
Q

ཉེ་

A

“close”
low tone - red

52
Q

མཉེ་

A

“to rub”
high tone - yellow

53
Q

མར་

A

“butter”
low tone - red

54
Q

དམར་

A

“red”
high tone - yellow

55
Q

སོ་

A

“tooth”
high tone - yellow

56
Q

གསོ་

A

“to restore”
high tone - yellow

57
Q

དེ་

A

“that”
lowest tone - blue

58
Q

བདེ་

A

“happiness”
low tone - red

59
Q

ཡས་

A

“beyond”
low tone - red

60
Q

གཡས་

A

“right”
high tone - yellow

61
Q

ལུང་

A

“scripture, reading transmission”
low tone - red

62
Q

རླུང་

A

“wind”
high tone - yellow

63
Q

དེབ་

A

“book”
lowest tone - blue

64
Q

སྡེབ་

A

“repetition”
low tone - red

65
Q

ལོ་

A

“year”
low tone - red

66
Q

བློ་

A

“mind”
high tone - yellow

67
Q

གློ་

A

“cough”
high tone - yellow

68
Q

རྣ་

A

“ear”
high tone - yellow

69
Q

སྣ་

A

“nose”
high tone - yellow

70
Q

ང་

A

“I”
low tone - red

71
Q

རྔ་

A

“drum”
high tone - yellow

72
Q

ལྔ་

A

“five”
high tone - yellow

73
Q

སྔ་

A

“previous”
high tone - yellow

74
Q

གོ་

A

“opportunity”
lowest tone - blue

75
Q

མགོ་

A

“head”
low tone - red

76
Q

བགོ་

A

“to wear”
low tone - red

77
Q

སགོ་

A

“door”
low tone - red

78
Q

ལོག་

A

“opposite”
low tone - red

79
Q

གློག་

A

“lightening”
high tone - yellow

80
Q

ཀློག་

A

“to read”
high tone - yellow

81
Q

བློག་

A

“listen!”
high tone - yellow

TIB 101 w Kunsang (14 decks)

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