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Multimedia 1033 > Weeks 3 and 4 > Flashcards

Weeks 3 and 4 Flashcards

1
Q

how many colours can 2 bits hold

A

2^2 = 4

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2
Q

if an image is 400 by 300 pixels, and we use 1 byte of colour for each pixel, what is the file size

A

400x300x1byte = 120000 or 120 kilobytes

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3
Q

1 kilobyte is how many bytes

A

1000 bytes

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4
Q

is an image is 400 by 50 and uses 1 byte of colour, what is the file size

A

2000

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5
Q

What is the Subtractive model for colour used for

A

printing - ink applied to paper

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6
Q

what colours does the subtractive model have

A

cyan, magenta and yellow

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7
Q

how does the ink work in a subtractive model (in terms of white

A

ink when applied removes the white

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8
Q

what is the additive model used on

A

monitors

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9
Q

how does the additive model for colour work

A

adds light to a black background (unlike subtractive model which removes white by adding colour to the page)

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10
Q

how many colours can True Colour represent

A

2^24 or around 16 million different colours
2^8 = 256 shades of red
2^8 green
2^8 blue

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11
Q

how many bytes are needed to represent true colour

A

3 bytes - 1 byte for each colour (rgb)

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12
Q

what are the two ways to represent true colour

A

RGB - amount of Red, amount of Green, amount of Blue>
uses DECIMAL NUMBER system
and Hexadecimal

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13
Q

<255, 0, 0>

A

all red no green or blue in rgb true colour

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14
Q

0 in RGB represents

A

no colour

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15
Q

255 in RGB represents

A

most colour allowed

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16
Q

<0, 255, 0>

A

most green rgb true colour

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17
Q

<100,100,100>

A

middle amounts of rgb - gray

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18
Q

<50, 0, 200>

A

little red, lot of blue, dark blue

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19
Q

<200, 0, 50>

A

little blue lot of red

dark red

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20
Q

how is hex colour represented (what digits and format)

A 
#RRGGBB  RR are the digit place holders for the amount of red, GG amount of Green, BB amount of Blue
Amounts are counted in hexadecimal with these digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
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21
Q

09 in hex is

A

9

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22
Q

0B in hex is

A

11

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23
Q

0F in hex is

A

15

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24
Q

FF in hex is

A

16^115+16^015 = 255

NOT 15*15

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25
Q

how to determine hex digits

A

multiply each digit by 16^(the digit’s placehoder)

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26
Q

FF0000

A

red

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27
Q

00FF00

A

green

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28
Q

000000

A

black

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29
Q

FFFFFF

A

white

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30
Q

<0,0,0> in hex

A

<0,0,0> and #000000?

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31
Q

<255,0,255> in hex

A

and #FF00FF

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32
Q

<66,0,99> in hex

A

420063

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33
Q

43B390 in rgb

A

<67,179,144>

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34
Q

0A0F09

A

<10,15,09>

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35
Q

what is an example of when you need fewer colours

A

clipart

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36
Q

what is an example of a bitmapped image

A

an icon (firefox)

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37
Q

how large are icons usually

A

32x32 pixels

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38
Q

what is interpolation

A

when the computer adds new pixels and guesses on the colour to colour and the new pixels

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39
Q

when does interpolation happen

A

when images are enlarged (resampled

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40
Q

what happens to the image itself and the file size when you enlarge an image

A

it becomes larger file size and the bitmapped edges become jagged and the image becomes distorted

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41
Q

all images from ___ and ___ are bitmapped

A

scanners and digital cameras

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42
Q

what is another name for bitmapped images

A

raster graphics

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43
Q

bitmapped images are___ dependent, meaning

A

resolution dependant meaning that a bitmapped image on a lower resolution screen will appear LARGER than on a higher resolution screen
Bitmapped image on a 640 by 480 screen (lower resolution) appear larger than on a 1280 by 1024 screen (higher resolution)

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44
Q

what are common bitmap formats

A 
BMP (has little compression, makes big files!)
GIF
JPEG, JPG
PNG
PICT (Macintosh)
PCX
TIFF
AFPHOTO (Affinity Photo)
PSD (Adobe Photoshop)
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45
Q

what are popular bitmap editing tools/software packages

A 
Microsoft Paint
Adobe Photoshop
Affinity Photo
Corel Photo-Paint
Corel Paint Shop Pro
The Gimp
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46
Q

what is a vector image made up of

A

individual scalable objects

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47
Q

what are the objects in vector graphics definded by

A

mathematical equations

objects consist of lines, curves and shapes…

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48
Q

are vector graphics distorted as the image is enlarged?

A

no

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49
Q

do most browsers display vector graphics?

A

Most browsers don’t display vector graphics without a plug in

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50
Q

vector graphics can only be used with __ not __

A

drawings not photographs

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51
Q

what is an example of a file type that is uses vector graphics

A

pdf

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52
Q

do vector graphics have smaller or larger file size than the same img stored as a bitmap?

A

Usually vector graphic image has a smaller file size than the same image stored as a bitmap.

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53
Q

it is __ to turn a vector into bitmapped and ___ to turn bitmapped into a vector

A

easy, hard

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54
Q

what are vectors great for

A

logos because
Can be scaled down for business card
Can be scaled up for a trade show poster

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55
Q

what are some common vector file formats

A 
AI (Adobe Illustrator)
CDR (CorelDRAW)
CMX (Corel Exchange)
CGM Computer Graphics Metafile
DXF AutoCAD
WMF Windows Metafile
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
PDF
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56
Q

what are popular vector drawing programs/software packages

A 
Adobe Illustrator
Affinity Designer
CorelDRAW
Xara Xtreme
Serif DrawPlus
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57
Q

how to calculate the size of an image

A

Sampling*quantize
Length (px) * width (px) * Colour bit depth(bytes)

total pixels (sampling) *Colour Bit Depth(Quantize)

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58
Q

too many colours/too large a file size will cause what in terms of your webpage

A

it will take ur webpage too long to load and therefore people might leave right away

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59
Q

1KiloBytes =

A

1000Bytes (1024 but 1000 for exam)

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60
Q

1 Megabyte =

A

1000 kilobytes

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61
Q

1 gigabyte =

A

1000 megabytes

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62
Q

1 terabyte =

A

1000 gigabytes

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63
Q

what is the byte higherarchy

A

bit - byte - kilobyte - megabyte - gigabyte - terabyte

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64
Q

When printing in a flyer/ magazine, what matters/ does not matter

A

file size does not matter

quality of the image matters

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65
Q

what is the smallest dpi at which the image must be printed

A

300 dpi

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66
Q

for displaying an image in a webpage what is important/not important

A

file size is important and so is quality but you want to get best quality with smallest file size because bigger file = longer download

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67
Q

what are two ways to make the image file size smaller

A

compress the image (using tricks to make the file size smaller without making the img lower quality) or make the image smaller (less pixels but changes the size)

68
Q

what does the download time depend on that you cannot control

A

client’s connect speed

that you cant control

69
Q

what are the two types of compression

A

lossless

and lossy

70
Q

what is lossless compression

A

NO INFORMATION IS LOST

Compress the original bits and bytes into less bits and bytes without losing any of the original information about the picture
so when reopen the file, all the original information about the picture is still there!

71
Q

what is lossy compression

A

Selected portions of the image are discarded but the selected portions are the ones that will be the ones that least missed or noticed
CANNOT GET THIS INFO BACK ONCE IT IS DISCARDED

72
Q

each different type of image file format represents…

A

the use of a different compression algorithm

73
Q

common compressed image file formats that are acceptable on the world wide web are

A

gif, jpg/jpeg, png

74
Q

uncompressed file formats

A

bmp (windows)

raw (common digital cameras)

75
Q

Select the valid RGB colour code that would best represent a shade that the water colour might be on a tropical island (e.g. a turquoise type colour).
A. (200, 200, 5)
B. (150, 150, 150)
C. (4, 199, 199)
D. (0, 302, 302)
E. Both C) and D) are valid shades of colours you might see for the water at a beautiful tropical beach.

A

C

d does not have valid numbers

76
Q 
Select the hexadecimal colour code(s) that represent valid shades of gray (check all that apply).
 A. #252525	
 B. #330333	
 C. #4g4g4g	
 D. #9a9a9a	
 E. #720720
A

A, D

c does not have valid digits

77
Q

(5, 3, 218) in hex is

A

blue

78
Q

ee0000

A

red

79
Q

(64, 0, 0)

A

dark red

80
Q

(56, 56, 56)

A

dark gray

81
Q

c5c5c5

A

light gray

82
Q

If there are boxes with “X” in an Indexed Colour image palette, that means:
A. the image has too many colours and some will have to be modified
B. some of the colour shades in the image are too similar
C. the image does not require as many colours as the palette can support so the image won’t save properly
D. the image does not require as many colours as the palette can support and this is perfectly acceptable

A

D

83
Q

Indicate which of the following statements is NOT true about vector graphics.
A. Vector graphics are defined by mathematical shapes and curves.
B. Vector graphics are clear for images that contain up to 8 colour shades, and blurry in images with higher numbers of colour shades.
C. Vector graphics can be made at any size and later enlarged or shrunk as needed without loss of quality.
D. Vector graphic files usually have a smaller file size than the same image stored as a bitmap.

A

B

84
Q

An image is 2000 pixels by 1000 pixels and is true colour. The filesize of this image is ___ bytes.

A

6000000

85
Q 
There is an image that is 2.3 MB. What is the approximate number of kilobytes in this image?
 A. 0.0023
 B. 2
 C. 2300
 D. 2300000
A

2300

86
Q 
A printed image, that is 3 inches by 4 inches, is scanned into a computer with 100 DPI as true colour. Calculate the approximate filesize of this image, assuming no compression is done.
 A. 120 kilobytes
 B. 0.36 gigabytes
 C. 0.36 megabytes
 D. 360 megabytes
A

360,000 bytes –> 360 kilobytes –> 0.36 megabytes

87
Q

true or false Lossy compression will remove some of the original information stored for an image. That information/level of quality can never be retrieved again after the compression.

A

true

88
Q

Indicate which of the following options are needed when connecting to a server using FTP or SFTP .

A 
A. Username	
 B. Host/server name	
 C. Port number	
 D. Password
not theurl that you type into the browser address bar
89
Q 
Indicate which of the image formats is based on biological discoveries related to the human eye (check all that apply).
 A. JPG	
 B. PNG-8	
 C. PNG-24 / PNG-32	
 D. GIF
A

JPG

90
Q

The number of bits needed to store the word queen in ASCII is __ bits.

Using the Huffman Code chart shown in class, storing queen in Huffman would take __ bits.

A

40

26

91
Q

Indicate which of the following statements are true (check all that apply).
A. GIFs support up to 256 colours.
B. GIFs do a great job when representing a gradient, such as the orange and red and yellow colours blending into each other in a sunset.
C. GIFs use a lossy compression.
D. GIFs can be dithered to create the illusion of additional colours in the image

A

A and B

92
Q

GIFs can be saved such that the image will appear in a series of passes with alternating lines of pixels loading, and the gaps being filled in later on. This process is called____.

A

interlacing

93
Q

Which of the following statements are true? (check all that apply)
A. JPGs and GIFs support dithering, but PNGs do not.
B. JPGs do interlacing.
C. JPGs allow for animated images.
D. There is software that saves an image as a JPG and will allow you to control the amount of compression/loss of quality.

A

D

94
Q

JPGs are not good for images with clean crisp lines.
True
False

A

true

95
Q

Indicate which of the following statements are true (check all that apply).
A. All PNGs support full transparency.
B. PNG-8 supports up to 256 colours.
C. PNG-32 supports up to 2^32 (2 to the exponent 32) colours.
D. In the 90s, PNGs were licensed so users had to pay a small fee (1-2 cents) each time they created a GIF.

A

B

for D it’s the opposite, PNG’s we’re created due to licensing issues with GIF

96
Q

PNGs were created as a response to licensing issues with __ in the 90s.

A

gif

97
Q

We inserted 2 different images of a girl onto a powerpoint slide as shown below. What do you know for sure about the image under the text Girl B?
(transparent background)
A. The image under the text Girl B must have been stored as a JPG
B. The image under the text Girl B must have been stored as a PNG or GIF

A

B

98
Q

Indicate which of the following statements are true (check all that apply).
A. PNG-32 support full transparency.
B. PNG-8 only supports 8 colours
C. PNGs were created in response to licensing issues with GIFs in the 90s
D. ALl PNGs use lossless compression

A

ACD

99
Q

What does SFTP Stand for

A

Secure File Transfer Protocal

100
Q

What does SFTP do

A

It moves files from 1 location to another (computer - web server)

101
Q

What is a web server

A

A computer that sends or serves up web pages

102
Q

What are some advantages of a web server

A

Connected, always available and well maintained
Connected - computer is on all the time and connected to the internet
Always connected Elena’s that it since will never get turned off your website will always be available
Well maintained - the people running the server will take care of security and computer maintenance issues

103
Q

What is a client

A

Computer requesting to visit the web page

104
Q

What is are some examples of a fiile transfer program

A

Firezilla or WinSCP

105
Q

What code makes a file transfer program thing available to the internet

A

0755

106
Q

What does RAW mean in terms of compression

A

RAW has no compression at all meaning that it is a large file
It stores info about each pixel one at a time
An image that is 100 by 200 pixels that is RAW will store 60000 bytes of information

107
Q

What is a strategy for using colour to compress an image

A

You can break image into parts where you assign each part to a certain colour
This would be lossless
This strategy is best with regular shapes (in reality gif compressions are a lot more complicated

108
Q

What is another way to compress an image other than assigning each part a colour

A

Looking for patterns and making a decoding hash table eg
0=1234
1=19999
2=3332

Compressing words - texts in a dictionary ASCII

109
Q

How is ASCII code represented in terms of bits

A

Each letter is represented using 8 bits or 1 byte

110
Q

What is Huffman Coding (compare to ACII)

A

Rather than ASCII (each letter is 8bits or 1 byte) use the least number of bits for common letters and more bits for less common letters

111
Q

What did the designer of JPEG compression algorithm realize about the human eye

A

That the human eye is more sensitive to brightness details than to fine color details.

112
Q

How does the JPEG compression algorithm work

A

If it finds two adjacent pixels with very similar colors, it will store both those pixels with the same color and discard the other color.

113
Q

What are the three file formats we will look at

A

GIF
PNG
JPG

114
Q

What determines the best file format for an image

A

The type of image that we are trying to compress will best determine the best file format to use

115
Q

What does GIF stand for

A

Graphic INterchange format

116
Q

GIFS work cross platform t/f

A

True

117
Q

GIFS are widely used across the World Wide Web t/f

A

True

118
Q

What amount of colour do GIFS support

A

8 bit colour

119
Q

What are GIFS good or not good for

A

Good for clip art logos animations

Not good for photos or like paintings

120
Q

How do GIFS work

A

They look for large blocks of area that all have the same colour

121
Q

Saving an image with 24 bit colour as a gif will do what to the quality

A

It will lower the quality the first time you compress it

122
Q

Are gifs lossy or lossless

A

Lossless

123
Q

Do Gifs allow for transparency?

A

Yes - one colour transparency, meaning it allows for transparency of one colour

124
Q

What is one colour transparency and what kind of file format allows for it

A

Allows for transparency on once colour and GIFS allow for this

125
Q

How does animation work with gifs

A

Allows for animation
 Don’t need a plug in for gif animation!
 Works in all browsers, universal format!

126
Q

What is dithering

A

Putting two colours next to eachother to create illusion of another colour
Dithering is the process of juxtaposing pixels of two colors to create the illusion that a third color is present.

127
Q

Do gifs allow dithering

A

Yes

128
Q

Gifs do not allow dithering

A

No, gifs do allow dithering

129
Q

How do gifs use dithering

A

If ur image has more than 256 colours, it uses dithering
In a gif, you can reduce the number of colors in a GIF and choose options to control the way colors dither in the application or in a browser.

130
Q

What is interlacing

A

process by which the image is drawn in a series of passes rather than all at the same time (file size bigger)

131
Q

Do gifs use interlacing

A

Yes

132
Q

Why use interlacing

A

Interlacing lets you have a feel for the whole picture, you don’t have to wait around to see it download (good for dial up connections)

133
Q

How do gifs use compression

A

By reducing the number of colours in the image

134
Q

What does JPEG stand for

A

Joint Photographic Experts Group

135
Q

Where are JPGs used

A

Widely used on the World Wide Web

136
Q

Are JPG cross platform?

A

Yes works on Mac , windows

137
Q

How many bits of colour do JPGs support

A

24 bit colour

3 byte

138
Q

What are jpgs good for

A

Photos, computer games, screenshots, stills from a movie etc

Best blends of colour, softer shadow effects, subtle changes in colour

139
Q

What are jpgs not good for

A

Well defined lines or sharp changes in colour

140
Q

Is JPG lossy or lossless

A

Lossy

141
Q

What kind data does the jpg discard

A

Because jpg is lossy it discards more data about colours than about brightness
Onto all info in original image is preserved

142
Q

do JPG degrade the image quality

A

yes

143
Q

How does JPG compression work

A

Compression is achieved by ‘forgetting’ certain details about the image, which the JPG will then try to fill in later when it is being displayed

144
Q

can you control the amount of info lost in a JPG compression

A

Degree of amount of information LOST (lossyness) can be varied by adjusting compression parameters. (controlled by you)

145
Q

quality of image is _____ to the amount of compression

A

Inversely proportional

A higher image quality setting (has a lower compression value) results in less data being discarded.

146
Q

can a JPG use dithering

A

no because you have the full palette, so no need to combine colours

147
Q

can a JPG use interlacing

A

no (recall that interlacing gives u the gist of the image before download finishes)

148
Q

can a JPG do Animation

A

no

149
Q

can a jpg have transparency

A

no

150
Q

why were PNGs created

A

Created specifically because of licensing issues with GIFs in the 90s

151
Q

what kind of compression does PNG use

A

lossless

152
Q

what are the three versions of png

A

png-8, png-24, png-32

153
Q

how is png pronoucned

A

PING

154
Q

PNG-8 are similar to ___ in what ways

A

allow 25 colours and one transparent colour, lossless

155
Q

how are PNG-8 and ___ similar

A

Storing of colours is more efficient in PNG files than GIFS thus PNG-8 files might be SMALLER than their GIF counterparts (this is software dependent)

156
Q

PNG-24 and PNG-32

A

allow for 24 bit colour
allow different levels of transparency (good for shadows) and allows for transparency on each pixel
however only png 32 allows for a full pallette of colour AND transparency. if you want varying levels of transparency with PNG-24, you will lose some colour

157
Q

PNG-24 and PNG-32 will almost always have a ___ file size than a JPG

A

larger - jpg = lossy while PNG are lossless

158
Q

difference between PNG-24 and PNG-32

A

PNG 32 allows for a full palette with full transparency but with PNG 24 if you want varying levels transparency, you will lose some colours

159
Q

Type of compression for each file type (GIF, JPG, 3PNGs)

A 
gif = lossless
png = lossless
jpeg = lossy
160
Q

GIF, JPG, 3PNGs are well supported in which browsers

A

GIF, JPG, PNG-8 all browsers

png-24, png-32 = not on IE6

161
Q

transparency allowed in each file type

A 
gif = one colour only
jpg = no
png-8 = one colour
png-24 = varying levels of opacity and transparency with loss of colour that comes with it
png-32 = full transparency with no loss of colour
162
Q

what each file type is best for

A

gif, png-8 = logos, cartoons,, drawings and animations for gifs but not png
jpg = photo
png-24, png-32 = photograph images with a need for transparency

163
Q

which file types allow animation

A

gifs only not png or jpg

164
Q

which file types do dithering

A

png 8 and gifs

not png24 or 32 or jpg

165
Q

which file types do interlacing

A

gifs and png 8

not jpeg or png24 or 32

166
Q

what are the requirements for the shape of the image for each file type

A

jpg must be rectangular

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