Week 7 and 8 Flashcards
what are the two parts of how a search engine works
- building the search database
2. Returning the pages to the searcher
when marketing your website, do 2 things
- make your page within the top 10 listed when your customers search using engines for your site
- include web address for your new site
what is the first part of how a search engine works and describe it
building the search database
- find all data on web and build a database
- web crawlers crawl the internet and finds related words
what do web crawlers do
they crawl the internet constantly going from webpage to webpage via links and looking at words on page to build an index
what is an index and where is it stored
contains an index contains an alphabetical list of the words, and on which page it was found, and where on the page it was found
Index is stored in a really big database Looks sort of like this: keyword Index: Page and position within page 20 africa 2 (title) 7 (… 19 27 30 3 (body, 2nd word, 8th word)
what is the second part of how search engines work and describe it
returning the pages to the searcher
search engine uses index to decide which pages has given keyword
each engine has different algorithms to decide which results to display (google = page rank)
what algorithm does google use to decide what output to display to the user after a search
Page rank algorithm that decides what order to present the info
before 1990, how did search engines work
no index, so you had to search everything in order to find something (needle in a haystack) (Archie/ File names only searched)
around 1990, how did search engines work
webpages were returned just by file name of the sites and titles stored in the index, but not the content
1991, how did search engines work
World Wide Web developed by Tim Berners Lee in Geneva Switzerland
key feature - must have hyperlinks
1994 how did search engines work
some software allowed the user to submit pages they wanted included in the index
the indexes that were built began to include all the data on the webpage (not just tile and URL)
1995 how did search engines work
Unlimited bandwidth for the first time
more intuitive searches (just by words not necessarily by categories)
more advanced searching techniques like Ca* would return Canada, Cats etc
Add url to index and it gets added within 24 hours
However, results were still returned randomly with basic techniques
*** 1996 ** what happened in search engines and who did it
Larry Page and Sergey Brin came up with “BackRub” (Later called page rank) algorithm to have less random search returns
Based on data that “analyzed the relationships between websites would produce better ranking of results than existing techniques which ranked results according to the number of times the search term appeared on a page”
How does Google’s page rank algorithm work
evaluates 2 factors:
How many links are there to a web page
◦ What is the quality of the linking sites (although a high
ranked page with LOTS of links on it may pass you less
because it is spread too thinly)
The algorithm gives each webpage returned from the keyword search a weight between 0 and 1
The higher the weight given to the page, the
more likely it is that this page will be
displayed first to you.
The more sites that link to you, the higher up you go on the ranking
also if a highly-ranked site links to your site, then you also get a higher ranking
how did search engines develop from earliest to most recent
earliest | Archie/File names only searched |
| — | — |
| second earliest | Gopher/contents indexed but returned in random order |
| second most recent | Yahoo/search directory(Categories that humans manually fill with appropriate pages |
| most recent | Google/search index |
page rank does NOT take into account
content of the page (thus frequent content updates don’t
improve Page Rank necessarily)
page rank algorithm ranks ___ not ___
webpages not websites
if you are caught cheating by making other fake sites that point to your site, google will
ban you from the entire index
what are 3 components to make your site visible on the results page on google
- text
- links
- popularity
what is SEO
search engine optimization
how to use TEXT to make your site visible on google
- identify crucial words (5 second test)
2. put keywords in best location (title, visible body, text around and in links, text that is above the fold)
where are good places to put keywords to make yourself visible to search engines
-
title,
Title Tag = considered most important by all search engines - visible body (text you can cut from a page and paste into notepad),
- text around and in links,
- text that is above the fold (above the point where you have to scroll down in order to see).
title tags can be ___ digits but search engines will only look at the first ___ digits of your title tag
100, 63
title tag is shown when people ___ your site
bookmark
title tag is what is shown as the ___ for all returned results
link
how to use BODY of webpage to make your site visible on google
- keyword prominance (text near top of the page)
- keyword proximity
- keyword density
what is keyword stuffing
hiding words that will attract attention. eg putting a bunch of tag words in meta tag or in white text behind white background
meta tag is no longer really considered anymore because of this
how to use LINK of webpage to make your site visible on google
links should be easy to navigate so spiders can search through your content easily and index all content
links should have keywords in it
what is hard for spiders to crawl through
- image maps
- javascript
- database driven web pages (ones with ?,&, etc in the url that are created CGI pages can be problematic)
- links in flash documents
- poorly written html
How to use POPULARITY COMPONENT to make your site visible on google
- Link popularityNot just getting many links to your site, the links to your
site must be high quality links! REMEMBER PAGERANK! - Click through popularity Measures how many times your site is clicked on
Measures how often a user returns to your site
Measures how long a user stays at your siteless weight on this cuz ppl use bots for it
how to increase your site popularity
Check your competitors web pages, try to
figure out why their site is ranked higher than
yours.,
you can also submit your page to google/submit yourcontent to see how good you rank
what do search insights tell us
what searches are popular and when
hwo can you use statistics to improve your site
use stats from ISP or from other online companies
its important to know what visitors like and dislike about your webpage so you can improve it
what is a hit counter
gives stats about your page and how many people have visited your page
if you dont want people to find your website
use noindex tag
you can put tag in your page that will prevent spiders from finding you
who invented the ARPANET and when
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1969
who invented HTML and when
Tim Burners Lee in 1990
who invented the URL and when
Tim Burners Lee in 1990
who invented Microsoft MS Docs and when
Bill gates and paul allen in 1981
who invented the World Wide Web and when
tim burners lee in 1990
who invented google and when
Sergey brin and Larry page in
1998
who invented apple and when
steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1976
Who invented the Page Rank Algorithm and when
larry page and sergey brin in 1998
what is an animation
A sequence of images that create the illusion of movement when played in succession
how do animations work
Simulation of movement through a series of pictures that have objects in slightly different positions
a frame
one of the drawings in an animation
fps means
frames per second
9000 frames for a five minute film would be
30 fps
a computer animation must be between ___ fps or else it is jerky
12 and 15
what are the two processes involved in making animations
sampling and quantizing
what is the sampling process in animation
since each frame is an image, the frame is sampled into a discrete sample and each sample becomes a pixel
more samples in an animation means
better quality but bigger file size
quantization process in animation:
each pixel gets assigned a colour
what is cel animation
a cel is a transparent sheet on which a character, scene, etc. is drawn and which constitutes one frame
traditional, hand-drawn animation frame by frame animation
To simplify, one background is drawn and then the
item that will move is drawn on a clear sheet of
plastic (a cel), one drawing for each frame.
When moving to the next scene, just change the
background
what is path based animation
you give computer a starting and an ending point and the computer draws the rest for you
what is onion skinning
allows animators to see adjacent frames at once
what is a cel
A transparent sheet on which a character or scene is drawn and which constitutes one frame
what is tweening
Creating the intermediate frames based on the starting keyframe and ending keyframe.
a group of computer-generated frames to indicate motion
what is a keyframe
the starting point of a smooth transition of a series of frames
what is a cinemagraph
an image that combines still photography with video to create a pic that contains a small moving element while the rest is frozen
what are the 5 kinds of animation
2d(path based), 3d, stop motion, traditional animation, computer animation and motion graphics (which uses path based animation behind the scenes- what we did)
Traditional Animation (Cel Animation)
Rotoscoping is one type used in take on me music vid
which kinds of animations are path based
2d and motion graphics
3d animation involves 3 steps:
- Modelling
- Rendering
- Animation
how does path based animation work
Pick:
◦ a starting point for an object, (start frame)
◦ an ending point for an object (end frame)
◦ a path for the object to follow
computer tweens all the frames in between (tweening = computer generating the rest)
what features does path based animation have
- looping
- transition (fade in/out)
- Repetitions (allows user to pick how many times the animation repeats
- Setting the frames per second
if your animation is too slow….
to slow: speed up animation by reducing the number of frames ( pull out every other frame) OR Increase the frame rate
if your animation is too fast
too fast: slow down animation by adding more frames (keep the frame rate the same and increase the num of frames between the keyframes to stretch out animation) OR Lower frame rate (keep number of frames the same but stretches out the movie)
what is drawing on ones
animation - drawing on each frame
what is drawing on twos
animation- drawing on every other frame - better and smoother for slower animations
what is follow through in terms of animation
some part of the body will move back and forth as the main entity moves. ex moving a pot with a flower, the flower will move from one end to another
what is anticipation in terms of animation
some part of the body will move back and forth as the main entity moves. ex moving a pot with a flower, the flower will move from one end to another
what is squash and stretch in terms of animation
to emphasize speed and mass (squishy = flatter when it lands) this can also emphasize facial expressions
what is rotoscoping
is a type of animation that uses pencil drawing on top of a live-action video to make it look like a drawn animation. This feature was used in the music video for “Take On Me” by A-ha. SPELLING MATTERS - BE CAREFUL!
what is an example of ease in terms of animation
In an animation, a spaceship takes off slowly and accelerates to a faster velocity over several seconds. This is an example of which animation effect?
what are three different file types for animation
.gif
.swf
.mp4
what is the file size of an animation affected by
the size of the gif (frame dimensions)
number of colours, number of frames
how many colours do gifs allow
256
do gifs require plug ins
no
No Plug-ins Required: Animated GIFs require no plug-ins, and
the authoring tools to create them are often free and easy to learn.
do gifs have sound
No Sound: If you need sound in addition to motion, you cannot
use an animated GIF by itself. Instead, you may want to consider
other animation alternatives, such as Flash, or even video
when was FLASH launched
1996 by Macromedia
what is flash
Flash Player is a free client application that works with popular
Web browsers to play the animation
a multimedia authoring and playback system
does flash support vector graphics
yes
who killed flash
apple because they didnt alow flash on apple devices
what are the three kinds of tweens
motion tween - aniates symbols only - creates initial tween and goes to a frame and moves the object and that frame becomes a keyframe
cant morph - only position and rotation
Shape tween - works with non symbol shapes and vector graphics only - can morph shapes
classic tween - animates symbols only - need to manually create all keyframes and then connect with a tween - cannot morph
what is a motion guide
lets you animate an object along a path that you draw yourself only works on symbols
what is the frame rate you need on computers for animation
12-15 fps
when were cinemagraphs invented
2011
Who were the 2 people who founded Google? (check all that apply) A. Tim Berners Lee B. Sergey Brin C. Steve Jobs D. Larry Page
B and D
When Yahoo began, each webpage was categorized under a specific topic using humans that decided on the topics.
True
False
true
The term \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means having relevant keywords near the top of the page, which is a factor in search engine rankings. A. Keyword Prominence B. Keyword Stuffing C. Keyword Proximity D. Keyword Density
keyword prominence
keyword prominance =
having relevant keywords near the top of the page, which is a factor in search engine rankings.
A text editor such as MS Word can be used to create webpages (if you do File>Save As and then select a file that is *.html). If you do this, MS Word generates very clean simple and easy to navigate html tags.
True
False
false
Some websites begin with http:// and some with https://. Google ranks both of these URL prefixes the same (all else being equal).
True
False
false https is better
It is important to optimize webpages for mobile searches since over 60% of searches come from mobile devices.
True
False
true
for web pages, you should optimize for voice search
true it helps your page be found
for web pages, you should decrease page loading speed in order to be higher in the page rank algorithm
true google checks how fast a page loads
Indicate which statistics are checked by Google when ranking a webpage (check all that apply).
A. What is the Internet speed of the users who visit the page.
B. How long users stay on the page.
C. How many pages on the site the users visit.
D. How many times users visit the page.
B, C, D
A ____ is a combination of an picture and a video, such that most of the image is completely still but one small part of the image is animated. SPELLING MATTERS - BE CAREFUL!
A cinemagraph is a combination of an picture and a video, such that most of the image is completely still but one small part of the image is animated. SPELLING MATTERS - BE CAREFUL!
An animation is made with 200 frames and plays at 40 frames/second. This animation will play for __ seconds.
5 (200/40)
An animation plays at 20 frames/second and runs for 10 seconds. This animation contains 200 frames.
200
Suppose you take an animation and keep the frames as is but you reduce the frames/second playback rate in half. The new version of this animation will:
A. have a shorter duration (length of playtime) than the original
B. have a longer duration (length of playtime) than the original
C. have an equivalent duration (length of playtime) as the original
you reduce the number of frames that play per second, meaning that the animation will have a longer duration
In an animation, a spaceship takes off slowly and accelerates to a faster velocity over several seconds. This is an example of which animation effect? A. Squash and Stretch B. Follow Through C. Timing and Spacing D. Anticipation E. Ease
e
The software tool that allowed people to build simple animations and games and came with a free player installed on operating systems in the early 2000s was called ___.
flash
Indicate which of the following ease settings are valid for a 9 second animation in PowerPoint (check all that apply).
A. Smooth start: 6 seconds, Smooth end: 4 seconds
B. Smooth start: 3 seconds, Smooth end: 0 seconds
C. Smooth start: 9 seconds, Smooth end: 0 seconds
D. Smooth start: 5 seconds, Smooth end: 4 seconds
bcd
What year was the term cinemagraph first used? A. 1990 B. 1998 C. 2006 D. 2011
d
In Path-Based Animation, the object being moved always moves along a straight path.
True
False
false
