Weeks 10-13: Patient Rights, Improving Safety, Consent, Rights of Nurses & End of Life

Question 1

What is Informed Consent?

Answer 1

Informed Consent is the hallmark of patient autonomy, allowing individuals to choose the direction of their healthcare based on full understanding.

Question 2

What are the rights of persons regarding healthcare?

Answer 2

Persons have the right to choose their healthcare direction, grounded in autonomy, embedded in legislation, and protected by ethical standards.

Question 3

What are the ethical and legal obligations of nurses regarding informed consent?

Answer 3

Nurses must ensure clients give consent based on full understanding of the care being provided.
Legally and ethically person has right to chose

Question 4

What constitutes valid/informed consent?

Answer 4

Valid consent requires clients to have autonomy, receive information, and have their rights respected.
1. Clinets have the rights to autonomy and reiceve info to make choice
2. healthcare provdiers have duty to inform of risks and benefits
3. Team responded to questions and provide clarification as required
4. Client must demonstrate a fully understanding and can still refuse treatment.

Question 5

What are the criteria for informed consent?

Answer 5

Informed consent must be voluntary without pressure, the person must be competent ( the capacity to) , referable to treatment and provider, and informed about necessary information.

Question 6

How do nurses guide the informed consent process?

Answer 6

Nurses confirm legal and mental capability, ensure adequate time for discussion, demonstrate compassion, and advocate for clients.

Question 7

What are the types of consent?

Answer 7

Types of consent include expressed consent (e.g., ‘okay, go ahead’) and implied consent (e.g., preparing for an injection).

Question 8

Can patients revoke their consent?

Answer 8

Yes, patients can revoke or withdraw consent at any time, even after treatment has begun.
Always have permmission and legal respon to give consent based oon full understanding
Higher risk = more consent needed

Question 9

What are the limitations of autonomy in informed consent?

Answer 9

Autonomy may be limited if the client is incapable of making decisions, poses harm to themselves or others, or in emergencies.
Incompetent adults, dementia, children

Question 10

What are the legal aspects of informed consent?

Answer 10

Lack of consent can lead to negligence, and treatment without prior consent is not allowed unless the patient is unable to consent.
Battery: TORT provisisons to be made ( without consent care cannot be given unless unable to consent or near death)

Question 11

What is competency in the context of informed consent?

Answer 11

Competency means a person is presumed capable unless there are reasonable grounds to suggest otherwise.
Capacity may vary

Question 11

What are advanced directives?

Answer 11

Advanced directives allow individuals to specify their informed choices regarding care in advance of needing such care.

Question 12

What does it mean to assess a client’s capacity?

Answer 12

Assessing capacity involves determining if the client can understand and acknowledge the consequences of their healthcare decisions.
Continue to provide chances for clients to make informed choices

Question 13

Who can be a substitute decision-maker?

Answer 13

Substitute decision-makers can include next of kin, proxies identified in advance, or court-appointed individuals.
Provinces have laws and advanced directves must follow wishes by clinent

Question 14

What are the consent challenges for children?

Answer 14

Children mature enough to understand a situation have the right to give consent.
Spouse–> children> parent> court
POA
- Person with mental illness may not be able to consent
- emergency cases

Question 15

What is the legal age for consent in Canada?

Answer 15

There is no universally accepted legal age for consent in Canada; it varies case-by-case.

Question 16

What rights do nurses have?

Answer 16

Nurses have rights including conscientious objection, protection from discrimination, and a safe work environment.

Question 17

What is the right to conscientious objection?

Answer 17

Nurses have the right to decline participation in actions that conflict with their moral beliefs.

Question 18

What are the responsibilities of employers regarding discrimination?

Answer 18

Employers must structure work conditions to minimize discrimination based on race, gender, religion, and other factors.

Question 19

What is the role of UNA?

Answer 19

UNA represents nurses in bargaining, settling disputes, and addressing concerns about safe staffing.
Professional Responsbility Commitee: gives chance to raise conerns about safe staffing.

Question 20

What is professional accountability for nurses?

Answer 20

Nurses are accountable to their profession, regulatory body, patients, and employers, with ethical and legal responsibilities being paramount.

Question 21

Occupational Safety and Health

Answer 21

1. Workers have the right to refuse work in unsafe cirmumstances unless: risk is inherent , refusal leading to danger, safety risks
2. Employers have the responsibility to minimize the risks

Question 22

Communicable Dieseases

Answer 22

• Nurses have legal obligation to all paitents
• Employers must have safety pre.

Question 23

Healthy Work Enviroment

Answer 23

Ensure ressources and structures can provide support for nurses
Maximize nurse wellbing and performance and societial outcomes.

Question 24

Labor Relations

Answer 24

Collective Barganing–> employers-unions–> agreement to improve working conditions protect nurses

Question 25

Summary

Answer 25

Nurses have right to be treated with resepect, safe enviorment to pratice, as nurses have paitent obligations so does employers
- Nurses must be aware of their rights and acquire knowledge to address issues.