Weekly Quiz Questions Flashcards
Dimorphic fungi demonstrate yeast and mold at what temperatures?
Yeast - 37 degrees
Mold - 25 degrees
The most common means of acquiring a fungal infection
inhalation of spores
Aseptate
without cross walls
Hyphae
tubular structures comprising mold, form of fungal growth
Mycelium
network of hyphae
Spore
Reproductive structure
Superficial infection
Outermost dead layer of the skin or hair
Subcutaneous infection
*** deeper skin layers, including muscle, bone, connective tissue
Systemic infection
internal organs or deep tissues of the body
Cutaneous infection
Polyenes
binds to ergosterol, create ion channels that disrupts the cell membrane
Azoles
Inhibits/disrupts cell membrane synthesis
Echinocandins
inhibits/disrupts cell wall synthesis
Flucytosine
interferes with synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins
Dimorphic fungus
Primary vs Opportunistic pathogen
Blastomyces dermatitis
large, spherical, thick walled yeast cells 8-15um in diameter, usually with a single bud that is connected to the parent by a broad base
Immunocompromise patients, particularly those who have uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and those who are receiving prolonged corticosteroid, antibiotic, or cytotoxic therapy, are at the greatest risk of developing infection with ?
Mucurmycetes
Prevention measures for candidemia
Host conditions that are associated with an infection incidence of Candida albicans infections include
Diabetes
prolonged antibiotic use
pregnancy
ways to distinguish fungal contaminants from fungal pathogens
Virulence
Disease process
Fluorescence is key for identification of
microsporum
a dimorphic fungus
sporothrix schenckii
in the US, the most common organism cause it eumycotic mycetoma
Pseudallescheria boydii
Structures invaded by Trichophyton genus
Hair, skin, nails
Tinea versicolor is a skin infection caused by
Malassezia furfur
Hookworm : route of entry infective stage intermediate host clinical syndromes diagnosis prevention
ROI : skin penetration/cutanteous IS : ? IH : N/A CS: (3) Minor - fatigue, headaches, Major - fatigue, iron deficiency, loss of appetite, Extreme - anemia, death D : P : sanitation, adequate footwear
Are Nematodes hermaphroditic?
No
What is the relationship of obligate parasites and their host?
Obligate parasites can only survive in a host
the definitive host harbors
the adult stage of a parasite
Types of protozoans
amoebae and flagellate
Proglottids
segments of the body found in cestodes
Amebic cyst
the non-feeding, nonmotile stage that is infectious to humans
ways to prevent parasitic infections
anti parasitic drugs, diet change , supplement vitamins, replace fluids, blood transfusion, bed rest
Types of nematodes
hookworms, trichuris
Parasites acquired by cutaneous penetration
hookworm, strongyloides
Pneumonia-like syndrome may be found in humans exposed to (parasites)
Ascaris, hookworm, strongyloides
Fish is an intermediate host for
Dibothriocephalus
In the life cycle of hermaphroditic flukes, the infective stage for the snail is
Miracidium
2 protozoan organisms most commonly associated with waterborne outbreaks of diarrhea is the US
Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia lamblia
Protozoan causing diarrhea that has been associated with raspberries, herbs and some vegetables
cyclosporine cayetanesis
Small threadlike worm is observed under the conjunctiva of the eye
(parasite and life stage)
Loa loa, adult
What type of periodicity is exhibited if microfilariae appear in the blood of an individual at 2pm each day
dinural
the infective stage of Schistosoma mansoni
cercaria swimming in water
Vector for Leishmania
sandfly
Diagnostic stage of T.b rhodesiense
Tryptomastigote
The ameboid trophozoites of Naeglaeria fowleri enter the human body via
nasal mucosa
inhalation of contaminated dust
sniffing contaminated water
Causitive agent of African sleeping sickness
Trypansoma brucei gambiense, T.b. rhodesiense
why do we not see domestic cases of Chaga’s disease if the vector is located here?
**
Best temperature for storage of viral specimens on a short-term basis
4 or 37 degrees
viral structure consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat is called
Envelope or Nucleocapsid
