Pathogens Flashcards
E: Tropical/subtropical, Europe; cutaneous, visceral, mucocutaneous, American tegumentary; sandfly
Reservoir: dog, cat, rodent
S: Cutaneous - red papule, lesion -> ulceration may heal w out treatment
Visceral - gradual fever, diarrhea, anemia
D: C. Amastigotes - touch prep, ulcer biopsy, serology;
V. Amastigotes - tissue biopsy, bone marrow lymph aspirate, serology
T: Pentostam, millefosin
P:sandfly treatment
Hemoflagellates
Leishmania
E: Worldwide, incubation 7-30 d; P.falciparum All erythrocytes
S: Flu-like; severe-cerebral malaria, severe anemia, pulmonary edema, coagulation/thrombocytopnea abnormalities; cardio collapse and shock
D: Thick and thin blood films, serology, molecular assays
T: Chloroquine or other
P: Antimalarial drug
Plasmodium / Malaria
E: Animals (deer, cattle, rodent); Ixodid tick, blood transfusions
S: Asymp, 1-4 w incub, general malaise, fever, headache, chills, sweating, fatigue, and weakness, anemia
D: blood smear
T: not necessary, clindamycin, blood transfusions
P:protective clothing, insect repellent
Babesia
E: Worldwide, house cat, food borne, Animal - human, congenital, transplants/transfusions
S: Asympt (immunocompetent), typically benign and self limited, immunodeficient - CNS disease, Congenital - 1st tri (low incidence, severe disease)
3rd tri (higher incidence, little symptoms)
D: serology IgG/IgM - direct ID from blood, fluid, tissue
T: none - healthy, Preg - spiramycin
P: litter box, well cooked meat
Infective - eggs
Diag - larvae
Toxoplasma gondii
E: Worldwide, meat eaters (pork)
S: incubation (8-15d), larval migration - fever, diarrhea, blurred vision, eosinophils, muscle pain; heavy infections - severe neurological symptoms
D: Clinical observation, tissue biopsy, serology; 10 larvae - asymptotic, 100 - significant, 1000-5000 - death
T: No anti parasitic agents (larvae), Mebendazole - adults, sever sympt - steroids
P:cook pork properly, proper storage
Trichinella spiralis
E: Asia and pacific Islands, Rat - Def host, Human - incidental/dead end host; ingest larvae (from snails)
S: incubation 1-3, illness 2-8w, eosinophilic meningitis/eosinophilic enteritis, spontaneous resolution
D: Clinical findings and patient history, high eosinophils
T: supportive treatments
P: rinse veggies, boil snails, crabs and frogs, Eliminate slugs
“rat lungworm”
Angiostrongylus
E: S: D: T: P:
Baylisascaris
E: S: D: T: P:
Toxocara
Filarial worms
Lymphatic Filariasis
E: S: D: T: P:
Wuchereria Bancroft
E: S: D: T: P:
Brugia Malay
E: S: D: T: P:
Onchocerca volvulus
E: S: D: T: P:
Loa Loa
E: S: D: T: P:
Echinococcus
