week9 Flashcards
Ethics is ?
moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or the conducting of an activity.
Morality is?
Community norms, what is right and wrong
Values means?
Individual beliefs and attitudes that influence actions and decisions
Why is a framework required?
It is needed to analyse and synthesise information to make sound ethical and moral decisions
What are the principles of moral reasoning?
Autonomy Non-maleficence Beneficence Justice Veracity and Fidelity
What is Autonomy?
Autonomy is about a person’s right to make their own decisions.
What is beneficence?
It is to do good, to act for the benefit of others
What is non-maleficence?
To do no harm
What is justice?
A fair, equitable and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed to an individual
What are the 3 different types of consent?
Implied
Spoken
Written
What must consent be to be valid?
It must be informed
be given voluntarily
Encompass the act to be performed
Be given by a person who is legally competent to do so
What must an individual be able to do to be competent to give consent?
They must be able to comprehend and retain information
Believe it
Able to weight the information up
Make a decision based on that ability
What may impair a person’s capacity to consent?
Legal capacity
Mental health issues/intellectual disability
Unsound of mind/impaired judgement
Legal age consent is 18
What is patient advocacy?
When a person is chosen by an individual to make medical decisions on their behalf in the situation where the individual becomes incompetent
What is medical futility?
A rational for why treatment, including lifesaving or sustaining treatment is not considered to be in the patients best interest
What is a DNR?
Do not resuscitate – a decision to withhold CPR
What is conscientious objection?
A refusal to participate in any procedure that would violate their reasoned moral conscious
What is brain death determined by?
Unresponsive come Absence of brainstem reflexes
Absence of respiratory centre function Must be certified by 2 medical practitioners
What are some of the symptoms of Brain death?
Immobility
apnoea
Absent skin perfusion
absence of circulation as evidenced by absent arterial pulsatility for a min 2min
What is the purpose of a surgical scrub?
To remove as many microorganisms as possible
When is this scrub completed?
Before procedures in the operating room
How long is each surgical scrub?
First scrub of the day – 5mins
All others – 3mins
What are the pre-operative checks completed?
Education Fasting Consent Check valuables Patient ID physical status Gown/TEDS/Underwear removal of prosthetics/nail polish/contact lenses Pre-medication
What is involved in the recovery room handover?
Be aware of potential complications All equipment at beside ready for obs/procedures
Verbal handover form OT staff talk to patient
ABCDE assessment Obs/fluid balance
Inspect tubes & drains check med chart
Determine stability of patient documentation
Requirements of Consent
Valid Consent
Freely and voluntarily given
Person has legal capacity to give consent
Person is informed of procedure
Exceptions of not gaining consent
Patient does not have Capacity
Emergency situation
Advanced Health Directive
Implied Consent?
The nurse must explain what they are going to do even although it has been done many times before
