Week3 Flashcards
Where does the electrical activity within the heart start from and travel to?
It starts from the SA node → to the Av node → Through the Bundle of His → down to the Perkinje Fibres
Preload
pressure on walls of ventricle by volume of blood filling
Contractility
the ability of a muscle to shorten when stimulated
After load
the resistance to ventricular contraction
Increased ventricular radius
Increased aortic impedance
Stroke volume
volume of blood pumped with each heart beat
Cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute
Central venous pressure
preload of the right ventricle measured
Mean arterial pressure
Average pressure within the arterial system throughout the cardiac cycle. 70-90 mmHg
Pulmonary Artery Catheter
filling pressure of the right ventricle
How is Cardiac Output measured?
Stroke Volume (SV) X Heart Rate (HR) = Cardiac Output (CO) [SV X HR = CO]
What 3 factors affect CO?
Preload
Afterload
Contractility
What is involved in the assessment of cardiac output?
Heart rate & rhythm – continuous cardiac monitoring (4/5 lead), do a 12 lead ECG
Haemodynamic monitoring – non-invasive (Oximetry, BP), invasive (CVP, pulmonary artery pressure), Cardiac output
How is the patient’s heart rate approximately calculated using an ECG?
Count the number of large boxes between 2 R waves then divide 300 by the number of large boxes for the approximate rate
Where on the body can an IM injection be given?
Dorsogluteal, vastus lateralis, deltoid and ventrogluteal injection sites
What is Morphine?
It is an opioid analgesic which binds to receptors in the brain, spinal cord and other tissues
