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nur305 buder > week12 > Flashcards

week12 Flashcards

1
Q

What two organs are important to check after trauma in relation to internal bleeding?

A

Spleen

Liver

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2
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen called?

A

Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant

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3
Q

Who is most at risk of trauma to the kidneys?

A

Elderly
Children
Athletes/sport players
Motor bike riders

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4
Q

What is a possible complication of a broken pelvis due to trauma?

A

Transection of femoral arteries

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5
Q

What are possible complications that can arise in relation to the gallbladder?

A

Gallstones
Inflammation
Infection

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6
Q

What are some causes of abdominal complications?

A 
Infection				
Trauma
Inflammation				
Pre-existing conditions
Cancer					
Organ failure
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7
Q

What is the most common type of cancer in Australia in 2015?

A

Prostate cancer

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of renal failure?

A

Acute renal failure (ARF)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

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9
Q

How many nephrons approximately does each kidney have?

A

Approximately 1 million

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10
Q

What are the 3 stages of renal failure?

A

Pre-renal failure
Intra-renal
Post-renal

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11
Q

What does pre-renal mean?

A

Affected by things outside the kidney – e.g. blood flow

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12
Q

What does intra-renal mean?

A

Affected by a mechanism within the kidney

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13
Q

What does post-renal mean?

A

Affected by a mechanism below the kidneys – e.g. in the bladder

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14
Q

What is a possible cause of pre-renal failure?

A

Hypovolaemia Decreased cardiac function

Decreased peripheral vascular decreased renovsascular blood flow

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15
Q

What are the possible causes of intrarenal failure?

A

Acute Tubular Neurosis Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotoxicity Vascular insufficiency

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16
Q

What are the possible causes of post-renal failure?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia Bladder cancer
Calculi formation Neuromuscular disorders
Spinal cord disease Strictures
Trauma to the back pelvis or perineum

17
Q

What is Acute Tubular Neurosis (ATN)?

A

Damage to the tubular portion of the nephron

18
Q

What is glomerulonephritis?

A

An infective or inflammatory process damaging glomerular membrane, it is usually autoimmune and causes tubular congestion and nephron failure

19
Q

What are some causes of nephrotoxicity?

A

Drugs Antibiotics
Anti-inflammatories Cancer drugs
Radio opaque dies

20
Q

What is the RIFLE assessment technique in ARF?

A

A tool used to identify a patient’s risk for ARF in conjunction with assessments such as renal output, HR, BP

21
Q

What is the clinical management of a patient with ARF?

A

Reducing further damage – IV fluid resuscitation, Check for renal flow obstruction, cease/modify nephrotoxic agents & treat infection with alternate/less toxic antibiotic
Nutrition
Renal replacement therapy (RRT)

22
Q

What is the criteria for renal replacement therapy?

A

If the patient has one of the select criteria RRT may be commenced, if the patient has 2 or more of the selection criteria RRT is mandatory and urgent.

23
Q

What are the different renal therapy options?

A

Peritoneal dialysis
Haemodialysis
Renal transplant

24
Q

What is liver failure and what are the 2 types?

A

Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function as part of normal physiology

The 2 types are; Acute and Chronic

25
Q

What is acute liver failure?

A

It is the rapid development of hepatocellular dysfunction in a patient without known prior liver disease

26
Q

What is chronic liver failure?

A

Liver failure that develops over time due to conditions such as; Hep B & C, alcohol, metabolic or autoimmune conditions

27
Q

What are some of the consequence of liver failure?

A

Hepatic Encephalopathy Hepatorenal Syndrome
Varices/Variceal bleeding Ascites
Respiratory compromise

28
Q

What are the 3 different types of liver transplantations techniques?

A

Orthotopic liver transplantation
Split-liver transplantation
Adult-living donor transplantation

29
Q

What are the routes which a drug for cardiac arrest can be given?

A

Intra-osseous (IO)
IV
ETT

30
Q

What are some drugs used for cardiac arrest and their actions?

A

Adrenaline – peripheral vasoconstriction
Amiodarone – antiarrhythmic
Calcium – myocardial excitability
Lignocaine – for VF/VT
Magnesium – myocardial hyper excitability
Potassium – increase potassium levels if too low

nur305 buder (15 decks)

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