week5 Flashcards
language levels
study of elements of language and their functions
phonetics
sounds of spoken language - speech sounds
phonology
also deals with the speech sounds but on an abstract level non-existent
morphology
form and structure of a word
syntax
structure of sentences, how words can be organized into sentence
semantics
meaning of a language
lexical VS sentence semantics
L: relationship between words
S: meaning of sentences
pragmatics
how the language is practically used
lexicology
form and meaning of a word, fixed expressions (cliches, idioms)
phonetics VS phonology
phonetics: study of speech sounds
phonology: study of distinctive sound units (phonemes) ABSTRACT
synchronic VS diachronic approach
S: isolated parts of particular language
D: historical study of languages
language universals/typology
trying to find generalizations which apply to all languages
descriptive linguistics
describes how the language is used
sociolinguistics
puts linguistics into social context - dialects
language acquisition
difference between learning and acquiring language
ontogenetic POV
individual study of language of individual speaker
phylogenetic POV
study of language of group of people
formal approach
study of structures - how they interact
functional approach
practical; perform and use of language
graphic VS spoken form
G: lacks emotion
S: simplified to be well understood
orthoepy
study of pronunciation
minimal pair
two words which are different only by one sound
