week1 Flashcards
how did Crystal define linguistics?
Study of language - linguistic science
who described linguistics as the discipline which studies human language?
Widdowson
purpose of linguistics
explain language, provide information of the complexity of language (syntax, word-formation, sounds), provide models which are not apparent immediately
goal of linguistics
describe universals concerning the language
what is linguistics?
social science which studies languages, shares common grounds with sociology, anthropology, archaeology and psychology. can influence other disciplines such as communication studies, computer science or archaeology. along with psychology, philosophy and computer science linguistics is concerned about how the human brain functions.
prescriptive grammar
prescribes the what speakers´ grammar rules should be, how the language is to be used.
descriptive grammar
describes mental grammar of a speaker, how the language is practically used
universal grammar
language system shared by all languages
grammar
everything we know about the language - morphology, syntax, semantics, lexicon
philology
study of language only in written form - language texts
morphology
study of form and structure of word
syntax
structure of sentence
lexicology
study of form and meaning of word
semantics
study of meaning
lexicon
mental vocabulary of a speaker
arbitrariness
relationship between an object and its word
onomatopoetic words
words which represent what they sound - ouch, boom, …
basic questions of linguistics
What is (first) language? How did it develop? How it is presented?
universals concerning the language
use of communication, grammar, syntax, vocab
