language typology

Question 1

language typology

Answer 1

study of similarities between languages, how are languages divided into families and what do they have in common

Question 2

diachronic and synchronic division

Answer 2

D: historical; genetics, origin
S: based on a internal structure - morphological, word-order, tone vs. stress

Question 3

genealogical classification

Answer 3

roots of verbs and forms of grammar
common source - languages come from same origin (protolanguage)
protolanguage - language families - general/branches

Question 4

morphological classification (basic types)

Answer 4

1. analytic-isolating (English)
2. synthetic (Slovak)
3. poly-synthetic (Indonesian)
4. inflectional (Hebrew)

Question 5

Analytic-isolating

Answer 5

important fixed order, less rigid grammatical rules, short, monosyllabic morphemes (words)

Question 6

synthetic + types

Answer 6

words contain more than one morpheme, oppose to analytic

• agglutinative: one form, one meaning; attaching suffixes to create new words
• inflectional: one form, many meanings; words display grammatical relationships morphologically using affixes

Question 7

polysynthetic

Answer 7

high morpheme-to-word ratio - one word can function as a whole sentence, complex words (very long)

Question 8

inflectional

Answer 8

inflection inside the words, consonant skeleton (3 consonants)