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Parasitology > Week Two: Nematodes of Dogs and Cats (Chapter Four) > Flashcards

Week Two: Nematodes of Dogs and Cats (Chapter Four) Flashcards

1
Q

Who do Toxocara canis infect?

A

Dogs

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2
Q

Who do Toxocara cati infect?

A

Cats

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3
Q

Who do Toxascaris leonine infect?

A

Dog and cats

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4
Q

Where is the location of Toxocara canis, cati, and Toxascaris leonine?

A

Small intestine

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5
Q

What does the word “toxocara” mean?

A

Arrowhead

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6
Q

What is the transmission route of Toxocara?

A

Ingestion of egg with infective second stage larva

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7
Q

What is the common name for Toxocara?

A

Roundworms (canine or feline)

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8
Q

What are the large roundworms of dogs and cats called?

A

Ascarids

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9
Q

What is important for puppies and kittens that are presented to a veterinary clinic?

A

Should be examined for presence of roundworms

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10
Q

What do Toxocara look like when they are passed through the feces?

A

Look tightly coiled resembling a bed spring

Spaghetti looking

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11
Q

What are the signs of having ascarids?

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation

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12
Q

Do adult Toxocara (ascarids) attach to the host?

A

No

They use an undulating motion to remain in the small intestine

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13
Q

What can a large quantity of Toxocara (ascarids) cause?

A

Gastrointestinal obstruction

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14
Q

What are some characteristics of Ascarids eggs?

A
  • Unembryonated (need to be fertilized)
  • Spherical
  • Deeply pigmented center
  • Rough, pitted outer shell
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15
Q

How long can a Toxocara live outside a host?

A

Four weeks

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16
Q

Explain lifecycle of Toxocara

A
  • Eggs embryonate on ground (4 weeks) (L2 larva)
  • Ingested by a host (L2 larvae are released from egg)
  • L2 may go into dormancy in adult host
  • Grow and migrate to various tissues in host
  • Migrate to lungs, coughed up, and swallowed
  • Grow to adulthood in small intestine and begin new life cycle
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17
Q

What is the one Toxocara that cannot cross the placental barrier to infect hosts offspring?

A

Toxocara cati

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18
Q

What are some common signs of being infected with Toxocara?

A

Diarrhea, vomiting, pot bellied appearance

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19
Q

What are some common effective anthelmintic drugs for Toxocara?

A
  • Panacur (Fenbendazole)
  • Nemex (Pyrantel Pamoate)
  • Vercom (Febentel + Praziquantel)
  • Interceptor (Milbemycin oxime)
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20
Q

What is a vermifuge?

What are some examples?

A

Paralyzes parasite so it passes out in the feces

Piperazine, Pyrantel Pamoate (Strongid T, Nemex

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21
Q

What is a vermicide?

What is an example?

A

Kills parasite and allows the parasite to be broken down by the body
Fenbendazole (Panacur)

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22
Q

Toxocara canis are visceral larval migrans, what does this mean?

A

Migrate through organs

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23
Q

Who is the host for Ancylostoma caninum?

A

Canine

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24
Q

Who is the host for Ancylostoma tubaeforme?

A

Feline

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25
Q

Who is the host for Ancylostoma braziliense?

A

Canine and feline

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26
Q

Who is the host for Uncinaria stenocephala?

A

Canine

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27
Q

What’s the difference between Acylostoma spp and Uncinaria stenocephala?

A

Acylostoma spp: Curved mouth and straight trumpet shape

Uncinaria: Hooked nose and narrow head

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28
Q

What are the transmission routes of Ancylostoma/Uncinaria?

A
  • Ingestion of eggs
  • Through the skin
  • Across placenta
  • Through mammary milk
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29
Q

What is the common name of Ancylostoma?

A

Hookworms (canine or feline)

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30
Q

Do Ancylostoma attach to the host?

A

Yes, attach to intestinal mucosa

-Change feeding sites and reattach elsewhere

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31
Q

What and how do Ancylostoma eat?

A

Feed on blood
Secretes an anticoagulant
(making former attachment sites bleed which can cause anemia)

32
Q

Where do Ancylostoma attach to?

A

Attach to adjacent villi of intestinal wall

33
Q

Explain life cycle of Ancylostoma

A
  1. Eggs laid in feces
  2. L1 larvae hatch, feed, grow, and molt into L2 larvae
  3. L2 larvae feed, grow, and molt into L3 larvae
  4. L3 can be ingested or penetrate intact skin
34
Q

What do Ancylostoma eggs look like?

A
  • Oval or ellipsoidal
  • Thin walled
  • Contain 8-16 cell morula when passed in feces
35
Q

What are some treatments/preventions for Ancylostoma?

A 
Heartworm preventatives (monthly)
-Interceptor, heartgard plus
Vermicide
-Mebendazole, Fenbendazole
Remove feces after defecation
36
Q

What is the transmission route for Strongyloides?

A

Through the skin and mammary milk

37
Q

What is the common name for Strongyloides?

A

Intestinal threadworms

38
Q

What is unique about Strongyloides?

A

Male worms do not exist, females produce viable ova without fertilization

39
Q

What is the process called where females produce ova without fertilization?

A

Parthenogenesis

40
Q

What is the major method of transmission of Strongyloides in the dog?

A

From mother to offspring through mammary glands

41
Q

What is a prepatent period?

A

From time of infection to time of diagnosis

42
Q

What is the prepatent period of Strongyloides?

43
Q

Can humans get strongyloidiasis?

44
Q

Who is the host for Trichuris vulpis?

45
Q

Who is the host for Trichuris campanula?

46
Q

Who is the host for Trichuris serrate?

47
Q

Where are Trichuris found in the body?

A

Cecum and colon

48
Q

What is the derivation of genus for Trichuris?

49
Q

What is the transmission route of Trichuris?

A

Ingestion of eggs

50
Q

What is the common name for Trichuris?

51
Q

How did Trichuris get their name?

A

They have a thin “filamentous” anterior end like a lash of a whip and a thick posterior end like the handle of the whip

52
Q

What does a Trichuris egg look like?

A

-Trichuroid
-Thick yellow/brown symmetric shell
-Prominent polar plugs at either end
-Unembryonated when laid
(looks like Stewies head)

53
Q

What is the prepatenet period of Trichuris?

A

70-90 days

54
Q

How are Trichuris eggs passed?

A

In feces every third day
Eggs are developed in the environment
Eggs MUST be ingested by the host

55
Q

What are some signs of Trichuris?

A

Diarrhea, anemia, mucus coated stool

56
Q

What type of parasite needs a minimum of 15 min fecal float?

57
Q

What are some treatments and preventions for Trichuris?

A

Vermicides (Mebendazole, Fenbendazole)

Removal of feces from environment daily

58
Q

Who does Dirofilaria immitis infect?

A

Canine, feline, ferret

59
Q

Who is the intermediate host for Dirofilaria immitis?

A

Female mosquito

60
Q

Where in the body are Dirofilaria immitis found?

A

Right ventricle, pulmonary arteries

61
Q

What type of climate is Dirofilaria immitis usually found?

A

Warm, temperate climates

62
Q

What is the transmission route of Dirofilaria immitis?

A

Bite of infective mosquito

63
Q

What is the common name of Dirofilaria immitis?

64
Q

What are microfilariae?

A

Offspring of Dirofilaria immitis

65
Q

What is the pre-patent period of Dirofilaria immitis?

A

Approximately 6 months in dogs

66
Q

Explain the life cycle of Dirofilaria immitis

A
  • Female produces microfilariae
  • Released into blood stream and ingested by feeding female mosquitos
  • Microfil. grow and molt in mosquito
  • Enter new host when mosquito feeds
67
Q

What are some tests we use to diagnose Dirofilaria immitis?

A 
Modified Knott's test (not very common)
Elisa test (more common)
68
Q

What are some signs of Dirofilaria immitis?

A
  • Exercise intolerance
  • Right sided heart enlargement
  • Abdominal ascites
  • Coughing
69
Q

What are some ways we can treat Dirofilaria immitis?

what are some post-treatments?

A

Microfilaricide (Ivermectin)

Microfilariae test, Elisa test

70
Q

What is the host for Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

71
Q

Where are Aelurostrongylus abstrusus found in the body?

A

Respiratory bronchioles and alveolar duct

72
Q

What is the transmission route of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

Ingestion of larvae

73
Q

What is the common name of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

Feline lungworm

74
Q

What is the host for Filaroides osleri, F. hirthi, F. milksi?

75
Q

Where are Filaroides spp. found in the body?

A

Trachea, lung parachyma, bronchioles

76
Q

Where in the world are Filaroides spp. found?

A

North America, Europe, Japan

77
Q

What is the common name of Filaroides spp.?

A

Canine lungworm

Parasitology (17 decks)

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