Week Seven: Arthropods (Chapters 12 and 13) Flashcards
What are some examples of parasites under the phylum arthropoda?
Spiders, mites, ticks, crabs, crayfish, lobsters, water fleas, copepods, millipedes, centipedes
What is the largest class under arthropoda?
Insecta
What are some examples of insects?
Cockroaches, beetles, bedbugs, fleas, bees, ants, wasps, mosquitoes, butterflies, moths, grasshoppers, lice, silverfish, dragonflies
What does “arthropod” mean?
Jointed foot
What are some morphologic features of arthropods?
Jointed feet, chitinous exoskeleton, hemocoei, dioecious
What does hemocoei mean?
Body cavity filled with hemolymph (blood like fluid)
What are the most important subphylas (under arthropoda) in veterinary medicine?
Chelicerata (mites, ticks, spiders, scorpions)
and
Mandibulata (crustaceans, centipedes, millipedes, insects)
Arthropods can serve as vectors for…
Bacteria, viruses, spirochetes, rickettsiae, chlamydial agents, other pathogens
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Mandibulata
Class: Crustacea
What TYPE of parasites are under this and what is their importance?
Aquatic arthropods
Intermediate hosts for flukes, tapeworms, foundworms
Serve as causal agents
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Mandibulata
Class: Myriopoda
what TYPE of parasites are under this and what is their importance?
Centipedes and millipedes
Produce venoms and toxic substances
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Mandibulata
Class: Insecta
What is their importance?
Serve as causal agents, produce venoms and toxic substances, intermediate hosts, serve as vectors
Morphology of insecta
Segmented body 3 pairs of segmented legs Bilateral symmetry Chitinous exoskeleton Dorsal heart Ventral nerve cord
Insecta have a head, thorax, and abdomen… Explain what each one contains
Head: Brain, antennae, ventrally directed mouth parts, eyes
Thorax: Three pairs of legs, 1 or 2 pairs of wings
Abdomen: Reproductive organs
What is metamorphosis and what happens during it?
Development into adult insects
-Changes in size, form, structure
Explain simple metamorphosis in insects
3 Developmental stages:
- Egg
- Nymph (Sexually immature, wings may be absent, resembles adult stage)
- Adult
Explain complex metamorphosis in insects
4 Developmental stages: -Egg -Larva (wormlike) -Pupa (resting stage) -Adult No stages resemble each other
What are the 9 orders under insect?
Dictyoptera, coleopteran, Lepidoptera, hemiptera, hymenoptera, anoplura, mallophaga, diptera, siphonaptera
(Insecta) Dictyoptera:
Cockroaches and grasshoppers
Beetles:
Coleoptera (insecta)
(Insecta) Lepidoptera:
Moths and butterflies
True bugs:
Hemiptera (insecta)
(Insecta) Hymenoptera:
Ants, bees, wasps, yellow jackets
Sucking lice:
Anoplura (insecta)
(Insecta) Mallophaga:
Chewing lice
2 winged flies:
Diptera (insecta)
(Insecta) Siphonaptera:
Fleas
Why are cockroaches so disgusting?
Disgorge portions of their partly digested food
Defecate wherever they roam and feed
Transmits salmonella spp.
What are the two life cycle stages for Lepidoptera?
(butterflies and moths)
- Adult stage
- Larval or caterpillar stage (may be pathogenic to domestic animals)
what are examples of Hemiptera?
(True bugs)
reduviid bugs, bed bugs, kissing bugs
True bugs (Hemiptera) are intermediate hosts for…
Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)
What do mallophaga look like?
(Chewing or biting lice)
Smaller than anoplura, yellow, rounded head, mandibulate mouthparts
What do anoplura look like?
(Sucking lice)
Red to gray in color, piercing mouthparts, pincer like claws
Who do anoplura not infect?
Cats and birds (Found on many other domestic animals)
What does pediculosis mean?
Infestation of lice
How are diptera classified?
On the way in which the adult male and female dipterans feed
What does musca anutamnalis mean?
Feeds on mucus, tears, and saliva of larage animals
Diptera do this
What is myiasis?
Maggot infestation (cuterebrosis or bots)
Kingdom: animalia
Phylum: arthropoda
Subphyulum: ____?____
Class: acarina
Chelicerata
What does acariasis mean?
Infestation by mites or ticks
Sarcoptidae do what to their host?
Burrow or tunnel within the epidermis (Sarcoptic mange)
Psoroptidae do what to their host?
Reside on surface of skin, within external ear canal
Sarcoptes spp. Notoedres spp. Cnemidocoptes spp. Trixacarus spp. ...Are all examples of what?
Sarcoptidae (mites)
Psoroptes
Chorioptes
Otodectes
…Are all examples of what?
Psoroptidae (mites)
Sarcoptes Scabei Canis and Felis:
Host, location of adult, derivation of genus, transmission route, common name
Host: Cats and dogs LOA: Tunneling into superficial layers of epidermis DOG: Flesh cutters TR: Direct contact CN: Scabies mite
Notoedres Cati:
Host, location of adult, transmission route, common name(s)
H: Cats
LOA: Superficial layers of epidermis (surface of skin around ear pinna, face, neck, and feet)
TR: Direct contact
CN: Notoedric mange mite of cats, feline scabies mite
Otodectes Cynotis:
Host, location of adult, derivation of genus, transmission route, common name
H: Dogs, cats, ferrets LOA: External ear canal DOG: Ear biter or ear receiver TR: Direct contact (highly transmissible) CN: Ear mites
Nonsarcoptiform mites:
Demodex spp. (Cati and canis)
Host, location of adult, transmission route
H: Domestic animals and humans (host specific)
LOA: Hair follicles and sebaceous glands of skin
TR: Direct contact
Cheyletiella Parasitivorax
Host, location of adult, derivation of genus, transmission route, common name
H: Dogs, cats, rabbits LOA: surface of skin and hair coat DOG: Small lip TR: Direct contact CN: Walking dandruff
Argasid
Soft ticks
Ixodid
Hard ticks
Otobius megnini
Spinose ear tick of horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and dogs
Argas persicus
Fowl tick of chickens, turkeys, wild birds
Ixodes scapularis
Deer tick (vector for tularemia, babesia microti, borrelia burgdorferi-Lyme disease, granulocytic ehrlichiosis)
Rhipicepalus sanguineus
Brown dog tick
Vector for babesia canis
Dermacentor variabilis
American dog tick, wood tick
Vector for rocky mountain spotted fever
Dermacentor andersoni
Rocky mountain wood tick
Vector for rocky mountain spotted fever
Dermacentor occidentalis
Pacific coast dog tick
Ambilyomma americanum
Lone star tick
Amblyomma maculatum
Gulf coast tick
