Week One: Public Health (Chapter One) Flashcards
What are some things veterinarians and veterinary technicians are responsible for in human/public health and disease prevention?
Food safety Environmental health Prevention of zoonotic diseases Control of zoonotic diseases Human animal bond
Parasitism is most severe at what age in animals?
Younger than one year
What are some clinical signs associated with parasitism?
Life threatening anemia Hypoproteinemia Diarrhea Vomiting Intestinal obstruction Interference with normal weight gain Interference with milk production
What is symbiosis?
Living together between two different species or organisms
Relationships can be beneficial, indifferent, or detrimental to one or more of the organisms living together
What is phoresis (symbiosis phoresis)?
The smaller member of the relationship is mechanically carried about by the larger member
What type of relationship is this?
The bacterium Moraxella bovis, the etiologic agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis is mechanically carried from the eyes of one cow to those of another on the sticky foot pads of the face fly
Phoresis
What is mutualism?
Both organisms in the relationship benefit
What type of relationship is this?
Within the liquid rumen environment of the cow are millions of microscopic, swimming, unicellular, ciliated protozaons
Mutualism
Cow provides a warm, liquid environment- Protozoa break down cellulose and aid in the digestion process
What is commensalism?
An association in which one symbiont benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harmed
What type of relationship is this?
The relationship between the shark and the hitchhiker, remora
Commensalism
Eats food scraps after the shark’s meal- Remora benefits and the shark is neither harmed nor benefited
What is parasitism?
An association between two organisms of differing species in which the parasite lives on or within the host
(May cause harm)
Parasite becomes metabolically dependent on the host)
What is the study of parasitic relationships?
Parasitology
What is parasitiasis?
The parasite is present on or within the host but the animal does not exhibit outward clinical signs of disease
What is parasitosis?
Parasite is present on or within the hose and the parasite produces obvious injury or harm to the animal host
Host exhibits obvious outward signs of clinical parasitism
What is an ectoparasite and what does it produce?
Lives on the body of the host
Produces an infestation on the host
What are some examples of ectoparasites?
Fleas Lice Ticks Mites Chiggers Biting flies Myiasis inducing flies (maggots)
What are siphonaptera?
Fleas
siphon out blood
Who do ctenocephalides felis infect?
Cats and dogs
Who do ctenocephalides canis infect?
Dogs
Who do echidnophaga gallinacean infect?
Poultry, cats, and dogs
What are mallophaga and who do they infect?
Chewing or biting lice
Bird and mammals
What are anoplura and who do they infect?
Sucking lice
Do not parasitize birds or cats
What are acarina? What are some characteristics of them?
Mites and ticks
Have two body parts
What are the body parts of acarina?
Capitulum (mouth parts/fusion of head and thorax)
Idiosoma (abdomen)
What are trombicula spp?
Chiggers
Suck up liquefied host tissues
What are stomoxys calcitrans?
stable/biting house fly
What are diptera?
Two winged flies
Larvae can cause a condition known as myiasis (maggot infestation)
What is an endoparasite and what does it produce?
Lives within the body of the host
Produces an infection within the host
What are some examples of endoparasites?
Nematodes Cestodes Trematodes Protozoa Acanthocephalans
What are chemical compounds?
Used to treat specific internal and external parasites
What do anthelmintics treat?
Roundworms, tapeworms, flukes, thorny-headed worms
What do acaricides treat?
Mites and ticks
What do insecticides treat?
Insects
What do antiprotozoals treat?
Protozoan organisms
Why are coccidian difficult to treat? What should you provide and avoid?
Hard to treat because they have complex life cycles and because of sanitation issues
- Provide clean food and water
- Avoid overcrowding
- Remove contaminated waste
What is an erratic parasite?
Wanders from its usual site of infection into an organ or location in which it does not ordinary live
What is an incidental parasite?
Occurs in a host in which it does not usually live
What is a facultative parasite?
Free living, non parasitic organisms become parasitic in certain hosts
What is an obligatory parasite?
Must lead a parasitic existence, not capable of leading a free living existence
(This is what most parasites are)
What is a periodic parasite?
Parasite can make frequent short visits to its host to obtain nourishment or other benefits
Does not have to live on or within a host
What is a definitive host?
Every parasite has at least one!
Where the parasite reproduces: harbors the adult, sexual, mature stages of parasite
Where are sexually mature male and female heartworms found in the dog?
Right ventricle and pulmonary arteries
What is an intermediate host?
Every parasite may have one or more intermediate hosts
This is the host that harbors larval, juvenile, immature, and asexual stages of a parasite
What type of host is this?
The female mosquito is the intermediate host for the larval or immature heartworms
Intermediate
What is a transport or paratenic host?
A parasite that does not undergo any development is encysted with the host’s tissues
What is the reservoir host?
Vertebrate host in which a parasite or disease occurs in nature and is a source of infection for humans and domesticated animals
What type of host is this?
Wild wolves and coyotes may be reservoir hosts for heartworm, the infection is spread from wolf or coyote to the family pet by the mosquito intermediate host
Reservoir host
What are homoxenous/monoxenous parasites?
Will only infect one type of host
What is a euryxenous?
Parasite with a broad host range
What is zoonosis?
Any disease or parasite that is transmissible from animals to humans
What is the Linnaean classification scheme?
Know in order
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Specias
What does the genus name indicate?
Indicates the group to which a particular type of animal or plant belongs
What are the five kingdoms?
Planta, animalia (animals), Protista (unicellular organisms), monera (algae), and fungi
*KNOW
What are examples of animalia?
Platyhelminths Cestodes Nematodes Acanthocephalans Annelids Arthropods
What are examples of Protista?
Protozoans (unicellular organisms)
- Isosporta spp
- Toxoplasma gondii
- cryptosporidium spp
- Sarcocystis spp
- Giardia spp
