Week Two Flashcards
What is the definition of semantic/verbal paraphasia?
A substitution of a word that is SEMANTICALLY RELATED in some way to the target word.
E.g., knife for fork, lion for jaguar, animal for dog
What is the definition of phonemic/literal paraphasia?
A substitution that is PHONOLOGICALLY RELATED to the target word.
E.g., zat for cat, tephaclone for telephone
What is the definition of mixed paraphasia?
A substitution involving a PHONOLOGICALLY RELATED word that is also SEMANTICALLY RELATED to the target word.
E.g., rat for cat
What is the definition of unrelated or random paraphasia?
A substitution of a REAL WORD with NO SEMANTIC or PHONEMIC RELATIONSHIP to the target word; seems to be unrelated.
E.g., Pipe for cat
What is the definition of paraphasia?
“errors in speech consisting of unintended words or sound substitutions” - Hegde 2006
What is the definition of circumlocation?
A substitution of target words by descriptions or definitions, talking around the target word.
E.g., “It is red and grows on trees” for cherry
What is the definition of anomia?
Difficulty naming objects or persons or verbs during conversation.
Present in most PWA.
What is the definition of neologism?
A substitution that cannot be recognized as a real word.
E.g., ‘frinth’ for cat, ‘cuffolt’ for sliverware
What is the definition of jargon?
With individual with severe anomia, they may produce entire sentences in which all content words (and sometimes function words) are neologisms.
What is the definition of a stereotypical utterance?
A specific characteristic utterance that is said over and over in many different situations by an individual in response to many things.
E.g., recurrent syllables such as “dee, dee, dee, dee” “bada, bada, bada, bada”
E.g., Recurrent words/phrases such as “dear”, “down the hatch”, “anything else but”
What is the definition of press or speech/logorrhea?
When the individual may continue talking when it is their turn to listen.
What is the definition of preseveration?
To repeat a response when it is no longer appropriate (may be a word, but could also be an action such as writing the letter B).
E.g., Client was successfully named a picture of a dog in a test and then continues to say dog to the other pictures.
What is the definition of agrammatism?
Short utterances that consist primarily of content words (nouns & verbs), lacking function words (articles, conjunctions) and have either simplified or imcomplete grammatical structure.
E.g., “ah…girl and boy ah oh er er dear… girl um steps….a pot and oh dear me”
E.g., “boy…sit…grass…car…tree…and kite…and boat”
What is the definition of paragrammatism?
Errors made in verbal expression involving grammatical elements.
The individual uses a lot of grammatical elements (function words such as with,to, -ing, -ed) but uses them incorrectly.
E.g., may substitute inappropriate syntactic elements such as using a verb where a noun should be
E.g., use of atypical syntax and morphology
What is the definition of acalculia/dyscalculia?
Difficulty doing and understanding simple arithmetic; impaired recognition of numbers; may affect ability to read time, count change etc.
