Week Six Flashcards
What are the eight input/out modalities?
Input:
- Orthography
- Auditory
- Tactile
- Visual
Output:
- Speaking
- Writing
- Gesture
- Visual
What are 5 thing to remember about ACC in regard to PWA?
- AAC is not a magic cure
- Most AAC were not created for PWA
- One size foes not fit all
- AAC is not a one-way street (can’t just give it to them and expect them to figure things out by themselves.)
- AAC is not the last step in therapy
What aphaisa types might have the most difficulties with auditory comprehension?
- Wernicke’s aphasia
- Transcortical aphasia
- Global
HOWEVER every aphasia type can have auditory comprehension difficulties. It just differs if it is the most impaired aspect.
Describe Morton’s Logogen model
Heard word
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Auditory phonological analysis
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Phonological input lexicon
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Semantic system
What are the disorders of auditory comprehension and where in the Morton’s Logogen model is the impairment located?
Word Sound Deafness (pure word deafness)
- Can’t “hear” speech, but can hear non-speech sounds (cars)
- Problems with repetition
- Problem understanding words
- Impairment occurs at the phonological analysis stage
Word Form Deafness (lexical)
- Can’t identify between words and non-words
- Can differential between phonological differences (ball vs Zall)
- Impairment occurs at the phonological input lexicon stage
Word Meaning Deafness & Central Semantic Deficit
- Can’t access semantic information about a word (can’t define it)
- Can repeat a word
- Can differential between words and non-words
- Word meaning: can access semantic information when written down
These can occur in combination
What are some non-aphasia related factors that can contribute to auditory comprehension difficulties?
- Cognitive problems
- Emotional problems
- Hearing problems
- Attention
- Memory
How might one go about assessing auditory comprehension disorders?
Start with a broad test (auditory word-picture matching) and then move onto more specific testing
How to assess auditory analysis difficulties (word sound deafness)?
Repetition
- If repetition is intact, auditory analysis is intact
- May not account for verbal output difficulties
- PALPA word repetition test
- PALPA non-word repetition test
- CAT subtest
Minimal Pairs
- Word and non-word PALPA
- PALPA is good because it includes word and non-word pairs. Including non-word pairs is good as word pairs may be benefited by lexicon level knowledge, whereas non-words are not.
Maximal Pairs
- Helps to determine the point of breakdown, which can inform therapy
How to assess Word form deafness?
Lexical Decision
- Present word and non-word, ask to identify if real word or not
-PALPA
- Word choice can be manipulated with the difference between words and if they’re orthographically legal
Verification task
- Show a picture PWA needs to accept or reject correct name or phonologically related non-word
How to assess word meaning deafness?
Spoken and written synonyms judgement
- Do words have the same or different meanings
Repetition followed by definition
Semantic access
- Pyramids and palm tree tests
???
How to treat word sound deafness?
Improve their ability to discriminate between similar sounding words
- Give information about phonemes (lip-reading, mouth drawings)
- Gradually increase similarity between phonemes and their position
how to treat word form deafness?
- use written form to support comprehension
- start with words with few phonological neighbours & gradually reduce distinctiveness
How to treat word meaning deafness?
Implicit auditory access therapy
- silent reading of definitions and written semantic judgements
Explicit auditory access therapy
- Auditory and written definitions and semantic judgments
- more durable effect: use impaired and non-impaired route
Do you need to focus on the environment when providing auditory comprehension intervention?
Yes
Conversation partner training
- Write down key information
- Use simple sentences with one key message
- Check understanding
- Repair strategies
- Turn-taking strategies
