Week Eight Flashcards
What level in the sentence production model do problems often occur?
Problems often occur at the functional level, where creation of the predicate argument structure occurs.
This often results in problems with passive sentences and reversible sentences.
What assessments can assess sentence production problems?
Standardised
-PALPA (sentence to picture matching)
- VAST
- Token test and reporters test
Informal
-Picture description
- reversible sentences
What are the treatment options for sentence production?
- Response elaboration training
- Sentence production program for aphasia
- Mapping therapy
- Treatment of underlying forms
- Verb network strengthening treatment
What is the goal and method of response elaboration therapy?
Goal: use longer phrases including more related words
Method: SLT elicits a response, confirms with a correctly modeled sentence and asks wh-questions to help the client elaborate. Can use pictures or spontaneous conversation.
What is the goal and method of sentence production program for aphasia?
Goal: Improve sentence production in PWA with agrammatism
Method: trains a hierarchy of sentence productions
What is the goal and method of mapping therapy?
Goal: Improve grammatical comprehension and production in PW non-fluent aphasia
Method: Trains ability to map connection between words’ thematic roles and their location in the sentence
Different levels of difficulty (passives, 2-argument structure)
What is the goal and method of treatment of underlying forms?
Goal: Focus on non-canonical sentences and good for PWA less severe form.
Give an overview of peripheral alexias
Peripheral alexias affect the early stages of the reading process and involve difficulty perceiving the written word.
Different types include: pure alexia, neglect alexia, attentional alexia and visual alexia
Give an overview of central alexias
Central alexias affect the later stages of the reading process and involve impairments in lexcial or sublexical processing.
Different types include: surface alexia, deep alexia, and phonological alexia
Describe a pure alexia
- Impairment in the way written words are perceived and analysed. Specifically, difficulty in the simultaneous parallel identification and processing of words.
- Characterised by letter-by-letter reading
- Impairment in the level between visual feature analysis and letter analysis
Describe neglect alexia
-Impairment in the way written letters are perceived and analyzed. Especially in the correct identification of beginning and end of words. E.g, cat - car, book- look
- Impairment at the level of letter analysis
Describe attentional alexia
- Impairment of the way words are written and perceived. Specifically, incorrect productions of letters in a word as a result of interference from other letters in the word. E.g., butterfly- flutterfly
- Impairment at the level of the letter analysis
Describe visual alexia
- Impairment in the way written words are analyzed and perceived. Specifically producing words that are similar to target words.
-similar to neglect alexia but errors are not spatially consistent and are almost always real-word substitutions
-Occurs at the level of letter analysis and othographic input lexicon
Describe surface alexia
- Central alexia
- Impairment in the way written words are processed during lexical reading
-Impaired reading of irregularly spelled words with relatively intact reading of regularly spelled words and pseudo-words.
-Impairment at the level of the lexical reading route
Types of errors:
-Visual errors: Inappropriate selection of word at the orthographic input lexicon (blank-bank)
-Regularization errors: Over-reliance of the grapheme-phoneme (non-lexical route) E.g., pint produced as pInt
-Visual and semantic errors: impairment accessing the semantic system e.g., cat - cab
describe deep alexia
- Central alexia
- Impairment in the way words are processed during lexical and non-lexical reading
- Impaired pseudo word reading in conjunctions with the productions of semantic and visual errors in oral reading.
- Dual impairment of both the lexical and non-lexical routes
Types of errors:
- Impaired psuedoword reading
- semantic errors (apple - banana)
- Visual errors (table - cable)
- Morphological errors (baking - baked)
- Greater success in reading concrete words (chair - freedom)
