Week Three Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major ideas of PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES?

A
  1. Personality
    • cognitive science, personality disturbances, moral development, and diseases of the mind
  2. Behaviourism
    • examines social learning with an emphasis on behavioural conditioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe personality disturbances.

A

Mental disease, personality disorder and psychopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define psychopathology.

A

Any sort of psychological disorder that causes distress either for individuals or for their life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define a psychopath.

A

Personality disorder characterized by antisocial behaviour and by a lack of sympathy, empathy and embarrassment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is trait theory and who made it?

A

Hans Eysenck - 1964

Beloved traits were inherited largely from parents

Personality remains constant not changed by location or age

Personality intelligence and natural abilities determine behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Eysneck’s super traits of trait theory?

A

High level can cause criminality

  1. Extroverts/intorverts
  2. Neuroticism/emotional stability
  3. Psychoticism/normality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define psychiatric criminology.

A

Theory derived from medical sciences that focus on the individual as the unit of analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define psychoanalysis.

A

Coined by Sigmund Freud
Theory of human psychology based on the concepts of unconscious, resistance, repression, sexuality and oedipus complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain the psychoanalytic model of crime.

A

Sigmund Freud.

Emphasizes diverse notions of personality, neurosis, psychosis, transference, sublimation and repression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define psychotherapy.

A

Form or psychiatric treatment based on psychoanalytic principles and techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain the 3 components of personality

A

ID = basic drives, and urges

Ego = reality principle, conscious
- not fully formed in criminals

Superego = Moral guide to right and wrong
- not fully formed in criminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain the 3 types of offenders according to the psychoanalytical model.

A
  1. Neurotic offenders = overactive superego
  2. Impulsive offenders = weak ego
  3. Psychopathic offenders = under active superego
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is classical conditioning and who made it?

A

Watson based on Pavlov

Behaviour is learned through a process of association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was Watsons 3 stages of classical conditioning?

A
  1. Before conditioning
    - stimulus not connected
  2. During conditioning
    - connecting the stimulus
  3. After conditioning
    - stimulus are connected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is operant conditioning and who made it?

A

Skinner

Introduced rewards to conditioning through reinforcement

Can shape behaviour through rewards to get desired responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is social learning or modelling theory?

A

Bandura

Modelling = people learn how to act through their life experiences and by observing others

Aggression can be provoked and is inhibited through moral standards of conduct

Those that devalue aggression can still enrage in it through disengagement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

According to Bandura’s modelling theory what are the 2 ways to learn aggression?

A
  1. Observation
  2. Rewards and punishments
18
Q

What is the PIC-R theory and who made it?

A

Andrew’s and Bonta (1998; 2010)

Personal, interpersonal, immunity reinforcement theory

Believed criminogenic nerds are risk factors associated with recidivism

19
Q

What are the 4 predictors or criminality according to the PIC-R theory?

A
  1. Antisocial attitudes
  2. Antisocial associates
  3. History or antisocial behaviour
  4. Antisocial personality patterns
20
Q

Define forensic psychology.

A

The application of science and psychology to question issues relating to law and the legal system

21
Q

Define forensic psychology.

A

The application of science and psychology to question issues relating to law and the legal system

22
Q

Define forensic psychiatry.

A

A branch or psychiatry about the study of crime and criminality

23
Q

Define forensic psychiatry.

A

A branch or psychiatry about the study of crime and criminality

24
Q

Define profiling.

A

Attempt to categorize and predict certain types of offenders based on clues provided

25
Q

Define profiling.

A

Attempt to categorize and predict certain types of offenders based on clues provided

26
Q

Define mental disorders

A

Disease or the mind

27
Q

Define mental disorders

A

Disease or the mind

28
Q

What is the NCRMD legal defence?

A

Not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder

29
Q

What is the McNaughten rule?

A

Standard for judging legal insanity that requires offenders did not know what they were doing was wrong

30
Q

What are the 3 sociological theories?

A
  1. Social disorganization theory
    - culture conflict, lack of cohesiveness causes crime in neighborhoods
  2. Strain theory
    - conflict caused by not reaching goals through legal means due to barriers
  3. Subcultural theory
    - gangs and organized crime cause conformity which cause’s crime
31
Q

Explain the human ecology model and who made it.

A

Park and Burgess

Chicago school

Humans fight and compete for resources in urban areas

32
Q

What is the concentric zone theory according to the human ecology model?

A
  1. Loop/central business district (middle)
  2. Zone in transition
  3. Zone of working men’s homes

4.residnetial zone

  1. Commuter zone (outer layer)
33
Q

Who was Carol La Prairie?

A

Crime rates on Indigenous reserves
Communities that remained institutionally complete had lower crime rates than rapidly changing environments

East Indigenous = more social integration

Western indigenous = displaced Indigenous to outer cities and caused higher incarceration rates

34
Q

What is structural functionalism and who made it?

A

Emilie Durkheim

Laws reflect consensus
Social structure is a complex system with interdependent parts that work together for social order

Stability = social order

Crime is functional

35
Q

What are manifest vs latent functions?

A

Manifest = intended

Latent = unintended

36
Q

What are the 5 functions of crime according to Durkheim?

A
  1. Group solidarity function
  2. Boundary setting function
  3. Reinforce conformity function
  4. Innovative function
  5. Anomie (normlessness)
37
Q

What are statin theories 3 ways to adapt to anomie? Explain.

A
  1. Cultural goals
    - material wealth
  2. Institutionalize means
    - legal means to achieve education and work
  3. Anomie (MERTON)
    - conflict between goals and means
38
Q

Explain general strain theory.

A

Individual experience with strain and teenagers

Strain leads to crime and deviance

39
Q

What are the 4 causes of emotions and crime in general strain theory?

A
  1. Failure to achieve positively valued goals
  2. Achievers not meeting expectations
  3. Loss of positive values stimuli
  4. Increased negative stimuli
40
Q

Explain the 3 results of crime in general strain theory.

A
  1. Continuous/repetitive strain
  2. Few resources to cope with strain
  3. Association with criminal peers
41
Q

Explain status frustration.

A

Cohen

Explains delinquent lower class youth status frustration, specifically males and working class teen boys as they are more likely to fail

Subcultures affect status