Week Three Notes Flashcards
What are the two major ideas of PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES?
- Personality
- cognitive science, personality disturbances, moral development, and diseases of the mind
- Behaviourism
- examines social learning with an emphasis on behavioural conditioning
Describe personality disturbances.
Mental disease, personality disorder and psychopathy
Define psychopathology.
Any sort of psychological disorder that causes distress either for individuals or for their life
Define a psychopath.
Personality disorder characterized by antisocial behaviour and by a lack of sympathy, empathy and embarrassment
What is trait theory and who made it?
Hans Eysenck - 1964
Beloved traits were inherited largely from parents
Personality remains constant not changed by location or age
Personality intelligence and natural abilities determine behaviour
What are Eysneck’s super traits of trait theory?
High level can cause criminality
- Extroverts/intorverts
- Neuroticism/emotional stability
- Psychoticism/normality
Define psychiatric criminology.
Theory derived from medical sciences that focus on the individual as the unit of analysis
Define psychoanalysis.
Coined by Sigmund Freud
Theory of human psychology based on the concepts of unconscious, resistance, repression, sexuality and oedipus complex
Explain the psychoanalytic model of crime.
Sigmund Freud.
Emphasizes diverse notions of personality, neurosis, psychosis, transference, sublimation and repression
Define psychotherapy.
Form or psychiatric treatment based on psychoanalytic principles and techniques
Explain the 3 components of personality
ID = basic drives, and urges
Ego = reality principle, conscious
- not fully formed in criminals
Superego = Moral guide to right and wrong
- not fully formed in criminals
Explain the 3 types of offenders according to the psychoanalytical model.
- Neurotic offenders = overactive superego
- Impulsive offenders = weak ego
- Psychopathic offenders = under active superego
What is classical conditioning and who made it?
Watson based on Pavlov
Behaviour is learned through a process of association
What was Watsons 3 stages of classical conditioning?
- Before conditioning
- stimulus not connected - During conditioning
- connecting the stimulus - After conditioning
- stimulus are connected
What is operant conditioning and who made it?
Skinner
Introduced rewards to conditioning through reinforcement
Can shape behaviour through rewards to get desired responses
What is social learning or modelling theory?
Bandura
Modelling = people learn how to act through their life experiences and by observing others
Aggression can be provoked and is inhibited through moral standards of conduct
Those that devalue aggression can still enrage in it through disengagement