Week Five Notes

Question 1

define the study of victimology.

Answer 1

scientific study of crime victims and victimization process

Question 2

define victimologists.

Answer 2

studies victims, vulnerable groups, and the process of criminal victimization

Question 3

compare the 3 types of victims

Answer 3

primary = injured party

secondary = witness at crime scene

tertiary = not at crime scene, connected to victim

Question 4

define victimogensis.

Answer 4

the contribution to victimization made by the background, social group, defensive measures, and wealth of a victim

Question 5

define precipitation.

Answer 5

any contribution made by the victim to the criminal event, especially one that initiated it

Question 6

define active versus passive percipitation.

Answer 6

passive = victim unknowingly encourages offender towards crime

active = victim provokes victimization willingly

Question 7

define victim proneness.

Answer 7

an individuals likelihood of victimization

Question 8

explain lifestyle exposure theory

Answer 8

explain crimes against people and property crimes
believes demographic variables determine victimization risk through their effect on lifestyle

victimization is not evenly distributed, high vs low risk locations and time periods

Question 9

define secondary victimization.

Answer 9

social injuries that occur through the response of social institutions and individuals to the victim

Question 10

define secondary victims.

Answer 10

people not directly affected by a criminal event but suffer unintended consequences of victimization of others they are close to

Question 11

what is the Canadian Victim Bill of Rights (2015)?

Answer 11

provided clear statutory rights at the federal level for victims of crime for the first time in Canadian history

Question 12

define Victim Impact Statements (VIS)

Answer 12

written document’s that describe the losses, suffering, and trauma experienced by the victim of a crime of victims survivors

affects sentencing and parole

Question 13

define victim resitution.

Answer 13

court ordered payments to victims of crime made by offenders as reimbursement for damages/losses

Question 14

define victim surcharge.

Answer 14

judicial imposition of a monetary fine administered in addition to a criminal sentence and used to finance victim services

Question 15

define routine activity theory.

Answer 15

Cohen and Felson

examines interactions of motivated offenders, capable guardians, and suitable targets as an explanation of crime

individuals everyday activities contribute to their likelihood of criminal victimization

Question 16

what were Ezzat Fattah’s 10 factors of victimization?

Answer 16

1.Opportunities
2. Risk factors
3. Motivated offenders
4. Exposure
5. Associations
6. Dangerous times and places
7. Dangerous behavior
8. High risk activities
9. Defensive/avoidance behavior
10. Structural/cultural proneness

Question 17

explain crime pattern theory.

Answer 17

Brantingham

crime follows reasonably predictable patterns and frequently localized/target selection is influenced by awareness of space, defined by modes and paths in routine activities

crime generators bring together lots of people in the same time and space, creating opportunities

low guardianship + high activity = crime opportunities