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Basic Nursing (AC) > Week Three: History and Physical Examination > Flashcards

Week Three: History and Physical Examination Flashcards

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1
Q

Who are the SBVM?

A

Advocate/protect public from veterinarians
Keep track of vets licenses
Discipline vets
State Board of Veterinary Medicine

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2
Q

What is included in a signalment?

A
  • Age
  • Breed
  • Sex
  • Repro. status
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3
Q

Congenital diseases are more likely to be diagnosed in who?

A

Very young patients than in very old patients

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4
Q

What is SOAP?

A

Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan

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5
Q

What is “subjective”

A

Information supplied by client (presenting complaint from the client and the pertinent medical history)

Include annotations of vaccination status, repro status, diet, elimination abnormalities, exercise level and any current meds

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6
Q

What is “objective”

A

Irrefutable information, actual observation, or tests performed
Results of the physical examination, lab tests, or similar “hard data” information

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7
Q

What is “assessment”

A

What the client is told the problem is

Dx is written if final diagnoses is known

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8
Q

What is tentative? (TDx)

A

If diagnosis is almost certain, but is waiting for test results

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9
Q

What is differential (DDx)

A

If there could be several diseases or conditions under consideration, the most likely choice first, the next most likely choice listed next, and so on

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10
Q

What is Dx Open

A

if the clinician has no diagnosis and needs further study or workup to complete

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11
Q

What is “plan”

A

Actions the clinician wants to take to resolve the problem or cure the disease
(“put him on steroids”, “trim nails”)

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12
Q

What types of questions do you ask?

A

Open ended rather than leading questions (let the client fill in the information themselves)

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13
Q

“Has he been drinking more water than usual?” is an example of what kind of question?

A

Close ended

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14
Q

What is a last normal?

A

The last time the animal was normal

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15
Q

What goes in the general management spot?

A
  • How long has the pet been owned and from where obtained?
  • Amy previous medical problems
  • any recent travel
  • Where is the pet kept
  • diet
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16
Q

What is V/D

A

Vomitting/diarrhea

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17
Q

What is C/S?

A

Coughing/sneezing

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18
Q

What is PUPD?

A

Polyuria and polydypsia

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19
Q

Pyometra occurs most commonly _______ to ______ following a heat cycle

A

Two weeks to two months

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20
Q

What is pyometra?

A

Pus in uterus

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21
Q

What is TPR?

A

Pulse, respiration, temperature

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22
Q

Where is body temperature most accurately measured?

A

Rectally

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23
Q

Where else can you measure temperature besides rectally?

A

Axillary or aural

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24
Q

When is an elevated body temperature (hyperthermia) usually occurred?

A

The presence of infection, inflamation, or neoplasia

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25
Q

What is the temperature of a heat stroke?

A

> 107F

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26
Q

What is the temperature of severe hypothermia?

A

<90F

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27
Q

What is the normal body temperature of a dog?

A
  1. o to 102.2

101. 5 +-1

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28
Q

What is the normal body temperature of a cat?

A

100.0 to 102.2

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29
Q

F to C (equation)

A

F-32/1.8

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30
Q

C to F (equation)

A

C*1.8+32

31
Q

How should a pulse be described?

A
  • Weak
  • Moderate
  • Strong
32
Q

How do you take a pulse?

A

Peripheral arterial pulses should be palpated to determine pulse rate and pulse quality in every single patient (femoral)

33
Q

What is a pulse deficit?

A

Absence of a palpable pulse or significant change in pulse quality with an audible heartbeat

34
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

Pressure you feel when palpating a pulse

Difference between systolic and diastolic arterial pressure

35
Q

A weak peripheral pulse might equal what?

A

Poor perfusion caused by poor cardiac output

36
Q

How do you take a heart rate?

A

15 seconds X 4
6 seconds X 10
30 seconds X 2

37
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a dog?

A

60-160 beats per minute

smaller breeds and puppies can have rates up to 200 bpm

38
Q

What is the normal heart rate for a cat?

A

140-220 bpm

39
Q

What does an increased inspiratory effort mean?

A

Upper airway issue

40
Q

What does an increased expiratory effort mean?

A

Obstructive disease

41
Q

What is the normal respiration rate of a dog?

A

16-32 breaths per minute

42
Q

What is the normal respiration rate of a cat?

A

20-42 breaths per minute

43
Q

What do you need to note for general appearance?

A
  • Behavior
  • Mentation (state of mind)
  • Respiratory effort
  • Evidence of ataxia
  • Asymmetry
  • Swelling
  • Body condition (very thin-overweight)
44
Q

What is BAR?

A

Bright/alert/responsive

45
Q

What is QAR?

A

Quiet, alert, responsive

46
Q

What should you note/examine for integumentary?

A

Hair, skin, nails, foot pads

47
Q

What is alopecia?

A

Hair loss

48
Q

What should you examine for musculoskeletal?

A
  • Lameness
  • Swelling
  • Difficulty rising
  • Pain
  • Walking-observation
  • Assymetry of limbs
  • Limbs and the vertebral column
  • Joints (range of flexion)
49
Q

Things to look at and record for circulatory (heart)

A
  • Heart rate
  • Rhythm
  • Sounds
50
Q

How to auscultate the heart

A
  • Pulmonic, aortic, and mitral valves on left side

- Tricupsid valve (right side)

51
Q

What is a sinus arrhythmia?

A

Pause in heart beat

52
Q

What should you examine for respiratory?

A
  • Rate and effort
  • Nares
  • Nasal discharge
  • Sneezing
  • Stertor or stridor (upper airway disease)
53
Q

What are stenotic nares?

A

Small nostrils

54
Q

What do inspiratory crackles mean?

A

Fluid in the alveoli (pulmonary edema)

55
Q

What is a lack of lung sounds in the ventral lung fields in a standing animal?

A

Pleural effusion (fluid settles in the ventral areas)

56
Q

What does a lack of lung sounds in the dorsal lung fields can indicate what?

A

Pneumothorax (air rises to the dorsal areas)

57
Q

What do you examine in the gastrointestinal?

A

From mouth to anus:

  • Flip the lip
  • Palpate to feel
  • Look at anus
58
Q

How should you palpate?

A

Begin in one section (cranial-dorsal)
Should move slowly and methodically through all sections of the abdomen
Note any pain, swelling, firmness or fluid within each section

59
Q

What should you look for during urogenital?

A
  • Distal urethra
  • Vestibule
  • Testicles
  • Mammary chains in sexually intact female cats and dogs
  • Palpate for heat, swelling, masses or discharge
60
Q

What should you look for when examining eyes?

A
  • Examine eyelids
  • Examine external and internal structures of the eyes
  • Look for redness, swelling, masses, ect.
61
Q

What is entropion?

A

Eyelids curling in

62
Q

What is ectropion?

A

Eyelids curling out

63
Q

What is icterus?

A

Yellowing

64
Q

What is the sclera?

A

White/clear part

65
Q

What is the nictitating membrane?

A

Third eyelid

66
Q

What is conjunctiva?

A

Red part of eye

67
Q

What is the cornea?

A

Colored part of eye

68
Q

What should you look at when examining the ears?

A

Pinnae
-Swelling, focal swelling, diffuse thickening, redness, alopecia, crusting, excoriation, petechiation
Vertical canal
-Discharge, thickening, swelling, masses, hirsuite, foreign material
Aural discharge
-Amount, mild/moderate/severe

69
Q

What should you examine during the nervous system?

A 
-Subjective visual examination
Mentation
Visual acuity, menace, pupillary light reflex
Gait, lameness
Head tilt
Circling
Weakness, paralysis, muscle tone
Anal sphincter tone
70
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A 
I. olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
VII. Facial
VIII. Acoustic
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal
71
Q

What are the peripheral lymph nodes that can be palpated in a normal patient?

A
  • Mandibular
  • Prescapular
  • Popliteal
72
Q

What should you look for for lymph nodes?

A

Normal lymph nodes are round to oval, slightly moveable, firm but slightly compressable

Abnormal is enlarged, firm, wam, and potentially painful on palpation

73
Q

How should you palpate lymph nodes?

A

Palpate by gently isolating between your thumb and index finger

Left and right should be palpated simultaneously

Basic Nursing (AC) (7 decks)

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