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Basic Nursing (AC) > Week Six: Diagnostic Sampling > Flashcards

Week Six: Diagnostic Sampling Flashcards

1
Q

What is a veterinary technicians role in diagnostic sampling?

A

Prepare, collect, submit information

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2
Q

Venipuncture samples should be collected with…

A
  • Minimal stress to patient
  • Minimal trauma to vessels
  • Minimal discomfort to patient
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3
Q

What does stress affect on some laboratory tests?

A
  • Leukogram
  • Cortisol
  • Glucose
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4
Q

The gauge of the needle depends on what?

A
  • Vessel size
  • Amount of blood required
  • Intended use of the sample
  • Technician preference
  • Species and size of patient
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5
Q

What are the common venipuncture sites for cats?

A

Femoral, jugular, cephalic

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6
Q

What are the common venipuncture sites for dogs?

A

Jugular, cephalic, lateral saphenous

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7
Q

What is the best vein to draw from?

A

Jugular

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8
Q

What is an LTT or PTT?

Does it contain an anticoagulant? If so what is/are they?

A

Lavender or Purple top tube

Yes; EDTA

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9
Q

What are LTTs used for?

A

CBC and BUN

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10
Q

What does BUN stand for?

A

Blood uria nitrogen (used for kidney tests)

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11
Q

What is a RTT?

Does it contain an anticoagulant? If so what is/are they?

A

Red top tube

No

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12
Q

List some characteristics of a RTT

A

Can have a separator; Serum Separator tube or Tiger Top tube

When spun, produces serum

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13
Q

What is a GTT? (more common one)

Does it contain an anticoagulant? If so what is/are they?

A

Green top tube

Yes; Heparin sometimes Lithium

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14
Q

Heparin is always in ________ tubes

Lithium are always in _________ tubes

A

Glass

Plastic

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15
Q

When a Green top tube is spun, what does it produce?

A

Plasma

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16
Q

What is a BTT?

Does it contain an anticoagulant? If so what is/are they?

A

Blue top tube

Yes; Sodium citrate

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17
Q

What is important to remember about a BTT?

A

NEVER remove the top

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18
Q

What is a GTT (less common one)

Does it contain an anticoagulant? If so what is/are they?

A

Grey top tube

Yes; Oxylate

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19
Q

What is produced from a grey top tube when it’s spun?

A

Plasma

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20
Q

What information concerning the patient do you need to know prior to venipuncture?

A

When last medication was given
Do they have a bleeding disorder?
Have they eaten today?

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21
Q

If plasma is a red color, what is the term and cause?

A

Hemolytic; multiple (human) errors

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22
Q

If plasma is a yellow color, what is the term and cause?

A

Icteric; liver failure

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23
Q

If plasma is a white color, what is the term and cause?

A

Lipemic; fat, diabetes, hypothyroidism

24
Q

If plasma is pink, what is the term(s) and cause?

A

Hemolytic and lipemic; fat, diabetes, hypothyroidism and/or multiple errors

25
What should the plasma color in a normal blood sample?
Clear
26
What are some common collection techniques for urine?
- Voided sample - Manual bladder expression - Catheterization - Cystocentesis
27
What is a voided collection of urine?
Also known as a free catch When you collect a midstream sample
28
When is a voided collection not an acceptable means of collecting urine?
For a culture; bacteria, cells, debris from hair, skin, and genitourinary tract may mess up findings
29
True or False: | Urine can be collected from a cage floor
True
30
Never manually express the bladder of a _______
(Blocked) Tom cat
31
What is an indwelling catheter?
Stays in the animal
32
What are some complications of catheterization?
UTI (from indwelling catheter) Urethral inflammation (from bacterial infection) Trauma (Causes increased RBCC, protein, and transitional epithelial cells)
33
What units does urethral catheter sizing use?
French units
34
What are polypropylene urinary catheters?
Long, clear, rigid, and easy to pass into the urinary bladder
35
What are foley catheters?
Used as indwelling urinary catheters | Softer, flexible, more comfortable, and self retaining
36
How do you place a catheter in a male dog?
Pull penis out, put catheter in
37
Are catheters more frequent in females or males?
Males
38
True or False | A catheter should never be sutured in
False, a catheter can be sutured in
39
What is a cystocentesis?
Go into bladder to collect urine
40
What does it mean if you see bacteria in a urine sample?
Animal has a UTI
41
Cystocentesis can aid in the localization of...
- Hematuria - Pyuria - Bacteriuria
42
What are some complications of a cystocentesis?
- Laceration of the bladder | - Laceration of the bowel
43
What are some contraindications for cystocentesis?
- Inadequate urine in the bladder - Patient resists restraint - Patient resists abdominal palpation
44
Never perform a cysto on patients with:
- Recent abdominal surgeries - Abdominal trauma - Suspected bleeding disorders - Pyometra - Suspected caudal abdominal or bladder tumors
45
What supplies do you need for a cysto?
- 22g 1-1.5 in needle | - 6mL or larger syringe
46
Removal of the entire volume of urine increases the risk of what?
Contact between the needle and the bladder wall
47
Gross and microscopic examinations of feces are done to look for:
- mucus - Blood - Intestinal parasites - Ova
48
What are some alternative collection methods of feces?
- Lubricated fecal loop | - Lubricated gloved finger
49
What are the four steps for fecal?
1. Gross (describe it-blood, grass) 2. Float (Fecalizer-->fecasol---->look for ova/eggs under 10X) 3. Smear* (heat with lighter then stain, look under 40X) 4. Direct (Grab saline and put on poop, create poop soup, look for bacteria, Giardia, Spirochetes, ect. under 40X)
50
What is the procedure for staining?
Blue, red, purple
51
What are ear cytologies used for?
Detect: - Cocci - Rods - Yeast - See parasites
52
What is an FNA?
Fine needle aspirate Used to acquire fluid samples or tissue cells from: dermis, viscera, lymph node
53
Cytologic samples aid in differentiation between...
- Inflammation - Hyperplasia - Neoplasia
54
What is TNTC?
Too numerous to count
55
What are the supplies needed for an FNA?
25 to 22g needles 3-6mL syringes Clean glass microscope slides Surgical scrub and alcohol for skin prep

Basic Nursing (AC) (7 decks)

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