Week Four: Preventative Medicine Flashcards
What is preventative medicine?
Maintenance of good health in patients that are currently healthy in order to prevent future illnesses
What does preventative medicine include?
- Wellness exams
- Vaccines
- Parasite control
- Diagnostics
- Routine treatments
What are puppy and kitten exams used to accomplish?
- Exam (growth and development, abnormalities and congenital issues)
- Vaccinations
- Deworming
- Owner education
What are the four periods of behavioral development?
- Neo natal (first two weeks of life)
- Transitional (14-21 days)
- Socialization (3-12 weeks in a dog and 3-9 weeks in a cat)
- Juvenile (12 weeks through adult)
What happens in the neo-natal period?
Little to no notice of their environment
Eat and sleep period
What happens in the transitional period?
Experiences more of their environment
At risk of hypothermia
What happens in the socialization period?
Most important developmental time as far as humans are concerned
- Need to socialize animal
- Need to learn to play, fight, and develop sexual behavior
- Good time to identify house training
- Negative experiences can desocialize animal
- Need to make all of their first experiences pleasant
Weaning
- Gradual reduction on a puppy’s dependency on his mothers milk and care
- Ideally completed by week 7 or 8, start at 3 to 4 weeks
What happens in the juvenile period?
Social bonds formed and physically mature
- Learn hierarch in groups
- Begin to explore world
- De socialization can occur
What happens during adult wellness exams?
Preventative maintenance (detect abnormalities or subtle changes) Happens once or twice each year
What are vaccines?
Include antigens from pathogens that cause a particular disease
How do vaccines work?
Introduced to immune system, antibodies are formed against the antigen
- Humoral (B cells) antibodies
- Cell mediated (T cell) lymphocytes
What are the two types of vaccines?
- Killed
- Altered (modified live)
- Stimulate immune responses without actually causing the disease
What are lyophilized powder vaccines?
Freeze dried
What is active immunity?
- Animals develop antibodies to antigens present in their environment
- Proteins that are part of a pathogenic organism
What is passive immunity?
Obtained immunity
- via colostrum
- via maternal antibodies (can be absorbed via the intestines for one day)
Decreases by week eight
Keep puppies and kittens away from other _______ and away from the ______ of other animals.
Animals, excrement
Puppies and kittens need a full series of what after weaning?
Vaccinations
When do puppies and kittens get their initial vaccines?
- 8 weeks
- 12 weeks
- 16 weeks
- 20 weeks sometimes (extra boosters may be given for canine parvovirus especially in Rottweilers and Dobermans)
- Yearly
What vaccines do stray adult animals get?
Two sets of vaccinations 3 weeks apart
Adult boosters after one year
What are the core vaccines for dogs?
Rabies DA2PP (DHPP/C) -Distemper -Hepatitis (adenovirus 2) -Parvovirus -Parainfluienza
What are the core vaccines for cats?
Rabies FVRCP -Feline viral rhinotracheitis (herpes) -Calicivirus -Panleukopenia (feline parvovirus)
What are the elective vaccines for dogs?
- Leptospirosis
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Canine Giardia
- Canine Lyme (Borrelia burgdorferi)
- Canine Corona Virus
What are the elective vaccines for cats?
- FeLV (Feline leukemia virus)
- FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus)
- Chlamydophila felis
- Feline Bordetella
- Feline Giardia
- FIP (feline infectious peritonitis)
