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Basic Nursing (AC) > Week Four: Preventative Medicine > Flashcards

Week Four: Preventative Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is preventative medicine?

A

Maintenance of good health in patients that are currently healthy in order to prevent future illnesses

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2
Q

What does preventative medicine include?

A
  • Wellness exams
  • Vaccines
  • Parasite control
  • Diagnostics
  • Routine treatments
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3
Q

What are puppy and kitten exams used to accomplish?

A
  • Exam (growth and development, abnormalities and congenital issues)
  • Vaccinations
  • Deworming
  • Owner education
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4
Q

What are the four periods of behavioral development?

A
  • Neo natal (first two weeks of life)
  • Transitional (14-21 days)
  • Socialization (3-12 weeks in a dog and 3-9 weeks in a cat)
  • Juvenile (12 weeks through adult)
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5
Q

What happens in the neo-natal period?

A

Little to no notice of their environment

Eat and sleep period

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6
Q

What happens in the transitional period?

A

Experiences more of their environment

At risk of hypothermia

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7
Q

What happens in the socialization period?

A

Most important developmental time as far as humans are concerned

  • Need to socialize animal
  • Need to learn to play, fight, and develop sexual behavior
  • Good time to identify house training
  • Negative experiences can desocialize animal
  • Need to make all of their first experiences pleasant

Weaning

  • Gradual reduction on a puppy’s dependency on his mothers milk and care
  • Ideally completed by week 7 or 8, start at 3 to 4 weeks
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8
Q

What happens in the juvenile period?

A

Social bonds formed and physically mature

  • Learn hierarch in groups
  • Begin to explore world
  • De socialization can occur
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9
Q

What happens during adult wellness exams?

A 
Preventative maintenance (detect abnormalities or subtle changes)
Happens once or twice each year
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10
Q

What are vaccines?

A

Include antigens from pathogens that cause a particular disease

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11
Q

How do vaccines work?

A

Introduced to immune system, antibodies are formed against the antigen

  • Humoral (B cells) antibodies
  • Cell mediated (T cell) lymphocytes
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12
Q

What are the two types of vaccines?

A
  • Killed
  • Altered (modified live)
    • Stimulate immune responses without actually causing the disease
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13
Q

What are lyophilized powder vaccines?

A

Freeze dried

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14
Q

What is active immunity?

A
  • Animals develop antibodies to antigens present in their environment
  • Proteins that are part of a pathogenic organism
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15
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Obtained immunity

  • via colostrum
  • via maternal antibodies (can be absorbed via the intestines for one day)

Decreases by week eight

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16
Q

Keep puppies and kittens away from other _______ and away from the ______ of other animals.

A

Animals, excrement

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17
Q

Puppies and kittens need a full series of what after weaning?

A

Vaccinations

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18
Q

When do puppies and kittens get their initial vaccines?

A
  • 8 weeks
  • 12 weeks
  • 16 weeks
  • 20 weeks sometimes (extra boosters may be given for canine parvovirus especially in Rottweilers and Dobermans)
  • Yearly
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19
Q

What vaccines do stray adult animals get?

A

Two sets of vaccinations 3 weeks apart

Adult boosters after one year

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20
Q

What are the core vaccines for dogs?

A 
Rabies
DA2PP (DHPP/C)
 -Distemper
 -Hepatitis (adenovirus 2)
 -Parvovirus
 -Parainfluienza
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21
Q

What are the core vaccines for cats?

A 
Rabies
FVRCP
 -Feline viral rhinotracheitis (herpes)
 -Calicivirus
 -Panleukopenia (feline parvovirus)
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22
Q

What are the elective vaccines for dogs?

A
  • Leptospirosis
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • Canine Giardia
  • Canine Lyme (Borrelia burgdorferi)
  • Canine Corona Virus
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23
Q

What are the elective vaccines for cats?

A
  • FeLV (Feline leukemia virus)
  • FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus)
  • Chlamydophila felis
  • Feline Bordetella
  • Feline Giardia
  • FIP (feline infectious peritonitis)
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24
Q

Why should you administer vaccines distal to the thigh or shoulder?

A
  • Vaccine induced sarcomas

- Amputation is possible

25
What is Merial's VETJET?
- Air powered | - Transdermal device (no needles)
26
What are the pros of intranasal vaccines?
- Stimulate development of local mucosal immunoglobulins where pathogens commonly enter the body - Induce immunity faster - Shorter duration of effect
27
What are some examples of intranasal vaccines?
``` Canine kennel cough complex -Modified live adenovirus-2 -Parainfluenza -Bordetella FVRCP FIP ```
28
True or False: | Intranasal vaccines can be injected subcutaneously
FALSE. | AN INTRANASAL VACCINE SHOULD NEVER BE INJECTED SUBCUTANEOUSLY
29
Where do we give rabies vaccines?
RRR Right rear rabies (SQ right hind leg)
30
Where do we give DA2PP/DHPP or DA2LPP?
SQ right front leg
31
Where do we give Leptospirosis and/or Bordetella vaccines?
SQ left hind leg (Left hind lepto) Bordetella vaccine can be given IN
32
Where do we give FVRCP?
SQ right front leg | FvRcp=Front Right
33
Where do we give feLV/FIV vaccine?
SQ left hind leg | Left hind leukemia
34
What are common side effects of vaccines?
``` Local pain Transient swelling at injection site Mild systemic signs -Lethargy -Fever lasting a day or two ```
35
What are some breeds with vaccine related reactions?
- Small dogs - White dogs - Dilute coats - Old English Sheepdogs - Weimaraners - Akitas
36
What could cause an allergic reaction in vaccines?
- Microbial antigens - Adjuvant inactivators - Preservatives
37
What could happen during an immediate hypersensitivity response to vaccines?
- Respiratory arrest - Cardiovascular collapse - Death within 30 min. of vaccination - Hives - Facial edema - Periocular swelling
38
What are the emergency treatments for anaphylaxis?
- Diphenhydramine (antihistamine) - Dexamethasone (short term corticosteroid) - Predeinsone *(milder reactions) - Epinephrine (severe reactions) - IV fluids and life support
39
How much Diphenhydramine do you give during an emergency treatment for anaphylaxis?
2-4 mg/kg tid or qid PO,IM, IV
40
How much Dexamethasone do you give during an emergency treatment for anaphylaxis?
0.25 mg/kg IV
41
How much Prednisone do you give during an emergency treatment for anaphylaxis?
0.5 to 1 mg/kg bid PO
42
How much Epinephrine do you give during an emergency treatment for anaphylaxis?
0.5 to 1.5 mL IV of a 1:10,000 solution (repeat every 30 minutes)
43
What are some immune mediated reactions that can happen days or weeks post vaccination?
- Immune mediated hemolytic anemia - Immune mediated thrombocytopenia - Polyarthritis - Hypertrophic osteodystrophy - Thyroiditis
44
Where should you report any vaccine reactions or adverse effects to?
- Manufacturer | - US Pharmacopeia Veterinary Reporting Program
45
What do you need to educate clients about?
- Parasite control - Behavioral/training techniques - Nutrition and feeding schedules - Oral care - Neutering - Exercise - House training - House hold dangers * Do not forget to tell them about the current visit
46
How many times are puppies dewormed?
2 to 3 times, three weeks apart - Pyrantel pamoate - roundworms - hookworms
47
What are infectious agents caused by fleas?
Bartonella Mycoplasma Tape worms
48
What diseases can ticks cause?
- Lyme disease - Anaplasmosis - Ehrlichiosis - Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Bartonellosis - Mycoplasmosis
49
Never use products containing ______ on or around cats!
Permethrins
50
If a pet eats a collar containing Amitraz, the antidote is _______
Yohimbine
51
What are toxic food items for animals?
- Grapes and raisins - Chocolate - Onions and garlic - Drugs (aspirin, acetaminophen) - Antifreeze - Rat poison - Toxic plants - Lawn care products
52
When are female cats and dogs typically altered at?
6 months of age
53
When are male cats and dogs neutered at?
6 to 8 months of age
54
Spaying female dogs prevents...
- Unwanted puppies - Ovarian cancer - Pyometra - Diabetes mellitus - Mammary cancer if done prior to first heat cycle - Gastric dilatation and volvulus if a gastropexy is done at time of spaying
55
Spaying female cats prevents...
- Unwanted kittens | - Signs of heat
56
Neutering male dogs prevents...
- Roaming - Aggression - Prostatic infections - Testicular cancer - Perineal hernias
57
Neutering male cats prevents...
- Roaming - Cat fight abscesses - Marking or spraying
58
What do we use screening tests for?
- Urinalysis - CBC - Biochemical profile - Fecal exam - Heartworm test - Radiographs - Blood pressure

Basic Nursing (AC) (7 decks)

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