Week three- Acid-base balance

Question 1

What are the features of salts?

Answer 1

• Ionic bonds
• Structural components
• Electrolyte properties

Question 2

What are the electrolyte properties?

Answer 2

Can conduct electricity due to the mobility of the positive and negative ions.

Question 3

What are the features of acids and bases?

Answer 3

Covalent bonds
Metabolic control
Homeostasis

Question 4

What do salts, acids and bases have in common?

Answer 4

Dissociate in water

Damaging in high concentrations

Question 5

Do acids donate or accept protons?

Answer 5

accept

Question 6

What do acids do when the dissociate in water?

Answer 6

Release a hydrogen ion (H+)

Question 7

Do bases donate or accept protons?

Answer 7

Accept

Question 8

What do bases do when the dissociate in water?

Answer 8

Release OH-

Question 9

What is concentration measured in?

Answer 9

Moles per litre

mmol/L

Question 10

What is pH measuring?

Answer 10

The acidity or alkalinity of a solution

Question 11

Why does pH have to be a certain level?

Answer 11

Because some chemical processes only occur at specific pH.

Question 12

Why is a change in pH important?

Answer 12

Allow mechanisms to activate enzymes

Question 13

What happens in extreme pH changes?

Answer 13

Damage protein structures

Question 14

What are the features of strong acids?

Answer 14

Dissociate completely

Irreversible

Question 15

What are the features of weak acids?

Answer 15

Reach equilibrium

Reversible and concentration driven

Question 16

What does the body’s basic pH lie between?

Answer 16

7.35 and 7.45

Question 17

Why is some fluctuation of pH in blood necessary?

Answer 17

For normal bodily functions

Question 18

What happens if there is an increase in H+ concentration?

Answer 18

Acidosis occurs (arterial blood pH is less than 7.35)

Question 19

What happens if there is a decrease in H+ concentration?

Answer 19

Alkalosis occurs (arterial blood pH is above 7.45)

Question 20

What are the three mechanisms that regulate pH?

Answer 20

• Chemical buffering
• Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
• Renal function (kidney)

Question 21

What is the main chemical buffering chemical in the blood?

Answer 21

Bicarbonate

Question 22

What does the kidney excrete to help regenerate the HCO3-

Answer 22

H+

Question 23

What do small increase in PCO2 in inspired air trigger?

Answer 23

Large increases in ventilation

Question 24

What is the aim of buffering?

Answer 24

Moderate drasric changes in pH

Question 25

What does cellular respiration produce?

Answer 25

H+

Question 26

What does renal buffering do?

Answer 26

Excretes H+

restores bicarbonate to circulation

Question 27

What is one of the factors that regulates ventilation?

Answer 27

Plasma pH