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Bioenergetics > Week three- Acid-base balance > Flashcards

Week three- Acid-base balance Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of salts?

A
  • Ionic bonds
  • Structural components
  • Electrolyte properties
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2
Q

What are the electrolyte properties?

A

Can conduct electricity due to the mobility of the positive and negative ions.

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3
Q

What are the features of acids and bases?

A

Covalent bonds
Metabolic control
Homeostasis

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4
Q

What do salts, acids and bases have in common?

A

Dissociate in water

Damaging in high concentrations

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5
Q

Do acids donate or accept protons?

A

accept

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6
Q

What do acids do when the dissociate in water?

A

Release a hydrogen ion (H+)

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7
Q

Do bases donate or accept protons?

A

Accept

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8
Q

What do bases do when the dissociate in water?

A

Release OH-

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9
Q

What is concentration measured in?

A

Moles per litre

mmol/L

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10
Q

What is pH measuring?

A

The acidity or alkalinity of a solution

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11
Q

Why does pH have to be a certain level?

A

Because some chemical processes only occur at specific pH.

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12
Q

Why is a change in pH important?

A

Allow mechanisms to activate enzymes

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13
Q

What happens in extreme pH changes?

A

Damage protein structures

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14
Q

What are the features of strong acids?

A

Dissociate completely

Irreversible

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15
Q

What are the features of weak acids?

A

Reach equilibrium

Reversible and concentration driven

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16
Q

What does the body’s basic pH lie between?

A

7.35 and 7.45

17
Q

Why is some fluctuation of pH in blood necessary?

A

For normal bodily functions

18
Q

What happens if there is an increase in H+ concentration?

A

Acidosis occurs (arterial blood pH is less than 7.35)

19
Q

What happens if there is a decrease in H+ concentration?

A

Alkalosis occurs (arterial blood pH is above 7.45)

20
Q

What are the three mechanisms that regulate pH?

A
  • Chemical buffering
  • Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
  • Renal function (kidney)
21
Q

What is the main chemical buffering chemical in the blood?

A

Bicarbonate

22
Q

What does the kidney excrete to help regenerate the HCO3-

23
Q

What do small increase in PCO2 in inspired air trigger?

A

Large increases in ventilation

24
Q

What is the aim of buffering?

A

Moderate drasric changes in pH

25
Q

What does cellular respiration produce?

26
Q

What does renal buffering do?

A

Excretes H+

restores bicarbonate to circulation

27
Q

What is one of the factors that regulates ventilation?

Bioenergetics (11 decks)

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