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Bioenergetics > Week 10 Fat metabolism > Flashcards

Week 10 Fat metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is fat composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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2
Q

What are the three types of fat?

A

Neutral lipids
Compound lipids
Derived lipids

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3
Q

What are neutral lipids?

A

Triglycerides

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4
Q

What are compound lipids?

A

Phospholipids in cell membrane

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5
Q

What are derived lipids?

A

Cholesterol

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6
Q

What is fat is 95% of our total fat?

A

Triglycerides

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7
Q

What is triglycerides made up of?

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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8
Q

How are triglycerides stored?

A

Adipose tissue and muscle cells

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9
Q

What type of reaction is triglyceride an example of?

A

Condensation reaction (releases water)

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10
Q

Where is fat stored?

A

Muscle fibres
Circulation
Adipose tissue (subcutaneous and internal fat)
Adipocytes

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11
Q

What is an adipocyte?

A

A fat cell

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12
Q

How is fatty acids released from adipose tissue?

A

Hormone sensitive lipase

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13
Q

What happens when the fatty acid is release?

A

Diffusion of glycerol freely, through the cell membrane then into the blood stream.

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14
Q

What protein are the free fatty acids bound to?

A

In the plasma albumin.

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15
Q

What are the whole trigclyceride bound to?

A

Lipoprotein complexes

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16
Q

What is lipolysis (break down of fats) catalysed by?

A

Lipoprotein lipase

17
Q

Where does Beta-oxidation occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

18
Q

In Beta oxidation what happens to carbon pairs?

A

They are sequentially removed

19
Q

In beta oxidation what is fatty acyl-CoA converted into and why?

A

acetyl CoA so it can enter the TCA cycle

20
Q

In Beta oxidation what happens to FAD and NAD+ and why?

A

They become reduced, so electrons can join the electron transport chain

21
Q

What effects the amount of ATP yielded in Beta oxidation?

A

The number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain

22
Q

What substance do fatty acids need to enter the TCA cycle?

A

Sufficent oxaloacetate

23
Q

What is the process called when glycerol, lactate and certain amino acids can be converted to glucose in the liver?

A

Gluconeogenesis

24
Q

What is the process called when liver cells and adipose cells can synthesise lipids from glucose and amino acids?

A

Lipogenesis

25
Q

What is fat stored as?

A

Adipocytes

26
Q

What is the breakdown of fats known as?

A

Lipolysis

27
Q

What do triglycerides consist of?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

28
Q

What is glycerol converted into for metabolic pathways?

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (enter step 6 of glycolysis)

29
Q

What process do fatty acids enter?

A

Beta oxidation

30
Q

What is the most economical and plentiful energy source?

A

Fat

Bioenergetics (11 decks)

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