Week 10 Fat metabolism Flashcards
What is fat composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are the three types of fat?
Neutral lipids
Compound lipids
Derived lipids
What are neutral lipids?
Triglycerides
What are compound lipids?
Phospholipids in cell membrane
What are derived lipids?
Cholesterol
What is fat is 95% of our total fat?
Triglycerides
What is triglycerides made up of?
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
How are triglycerides stored?
Adipose tissue and muscle cells
What type of reaction is triglyceride an example of?
Condensation reaction (releases water)
Where is fat stored?
Muscle fibres
Circulation
Adipose tissue (subcutaneous and internal fat)
Adipocytes
What is an adipocyte?
A fat cell
How is fatty acids released from adipose tissue?
Hormone sensitive lipase
What happens when the fatty acid is release?
Diffusion of glycerol freely, through the cell membrane then into the blood stream.
What protein are the free fatty acids bound to?
In the plasma albumin.
What are the whole trigclyceride bound to?
Lipoprotein complexes
What is lipolysis (break down of fats) catalysed by?
Lipoprotein lipase
Where does Beta-oxidation occur?
Mitochondrial matrix
In Beta oxidation what happens to carbon pairs?
They are sequentially removed
In beta oxidation what is fatty acyl-CoA converted into and why?
acetyl CoA so it can enter the TCA cycle
In Beta oxidation what happens to FAD and NAD+ and why?
They become reduced, so electrons can join the electron transport chain
What effects the amount of ATP yielded in Beta oxidation?
The number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain
What substance do fatty acids need to enter the TCA cycle?
Sufficent oxaloacetate
What is the process called when glycerol, lactate and certain amino acids can be converted to glucose in the liver?
Gluconeogenesis
What is the process called when liver cells and adipose cells can synthesise lipids from glucose and amino acids?
Lipogenesis
What is fat stored as?
Adipocytes
What is the breakdown of fats known as?
Lipolysis
What do triglycerides consist of?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is glycerol converted into for metabolic pathways?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (enter step 6 of glycolysis)
What process do fatty acids enter?
Beta oxidation
What is the most economical and plentiful energy source?
Fat
