Week Six - Health Psychology Flashcards
What are the differences between the biomedical model and the biopsychosocial model?
Biomedical; measures success by the absence of disease, guards information from the family, emphasises illness
Biopsychosocial; holistic approach, active participation with patient, emphasises health
How does the ‘world health organisation’ define health?
State of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or informity
What ethical principles underlie the Greater Good vs. individual rights argument?
Individual rights - Beneficence vs. Greater good - Autonomy
What is health psychology?
Study of social, behavioural, cognitive, and emotional factors that influence the maintenance of health, development of illness and disease, course of illness or disease, patient’s and family’s response to illness and disease.
What are some that may be influenced in the bio, social and psychological factors of the biopsychosocial model of health?
Bio; genetic predisposition, physiological functioning
Social; culture, legislation, community, access to education, family
Psychological; cognition, emotion, personality, motivation
Are there macro and micro influences on health?
Yes, macro = e.g. social policy; micro = e.g. cellular disorder
Which health model sees healthiness as a continuum?
Biopsychosocial model
What does the illness/wellness continuum involve?
If somebody is showing signs of disability or illness, we use a treatment model to restore to neutral; if somebody does not have illness, we use a wellness model to encourage vitality
How can we examine the disease burden?
Mortality and causes of death
Years of life lost to death (YLL) - fatal disease burden
Years of life lost to disability (YLD) - disability related disease
Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) - years of ‘healthy’ life lost
Why are DALYs important to know?
Important information for the allocation of health resources.
Which sub-groups of the Australian population experience ‘health’ differently?
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people; socioeconomically disadvantaged people; rural Australians; people with disability prisoners; overseas born people
What are the characteristics of a chronic disease?
Prolonged; Do not often resolve spontaneously; Are rarely cured completely. Chronic diseases entail high mortality, either directly or by contributing to other causes of death (e.g. suicide)
What percentage will chronic diseases make up of Australia’s overall disease burden due to death, disability and diminished quality of life by 2020?
80%
More than half of the total burden of disease and injury is attributable to only 5 conditions. These are?
CVD, cancer, COPD, musculoskeletal conditions and diabetes
What is among the most preventable?
Chronic diseases
High blood pressure, high cholesterol and obesity are preventable biomedical risk factors for which conditions?
CVD, preventable cancers, COPD and diabetes
Tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet and inadequate physical activity are what?
Behavioural risk factors
What does SNAP stand for?
Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical Activity
What is the difference between a clinical health psychologist and a public health psychologist?
Clinical; applying psychology to illness assessment, treatment and rehab. Mostly secondary and tertiary prevention.
Public; health promotion, illness promotion. Mostly primary prevention.
What are the three levels of theory in health psychology?
Individual or intrapersonal; interpersonal; community
What does the individual level of the theory in healthy psychology focus on?
Behaviour is mediated by cognition; what we know and think affects our actions. Knowledge is necessary for, but not sufficient to product, most behaviour changes. Perceptions, motivations, and skills are key influences on behaviour.
What does the interpersonal level of the theory in health psychology focus on?
Assumes individuals exist within, and are influenced by, a social environment.
What is one of the most frequently used and robust health behaviour theories?
Social cognitive theory; explores reciprocal interactions of people and their environments. Focus on self-efficacy, goals, outcome expectancies.
What does the community level of the theory of health psychology focus on?
Explore how social systems function and change, and the influence of community members and organisations
