Week Seven

Question 1

Spontaneous reactions

Answer 1

does it on its own
works in one direction
will not go back the other way by itself

Question 2

Nonspontaneous reactions

Answer 2

done on purpose

Question 3

Chemical thermodynamics

Answer 3

used to predict both the direction and extent of spontaneous chemical and physical change

Question 4

Gibbs free energy

Answer 4

property that allows prediction at constant pressure, the energy available to do work

Question 5

Heat

Answer 5

transfer of energy due to temperature change

Question 6

Temperature

Answer 6

measure of average kinetic energy of particles

Question 7

System

Answer 7

particular part of universe

Question 8

Surroundings

Answer 8

everything surrounding the system

Question 9

universe

Answer 9

system and surroundings

Question 10

open system

Answer 10

can gain or lose mass and energy across boundaries

Question 11

closed system

Answer 11

absorb and release energy but not mass across boundary

Question 12

Isolated system

Answer 12

cannot exchange matter or energy with surroundings

Question 13

internal energy (U)

Answer 13

sum of energies for all of the individual particles in a sample of matter

Question 14

Enthalpy (H)

Answer 14

function related to the heat absorbed or evolved by a chemical system

Question 15

Entropy (S)

Answer 15

meausre in the number of ways energy is distributed throughout a chemical system

Question 16

State function

Answer 16

absolute value is dependent only on current state of a system

Question 17

delta x

Answer 17

final value of x - initial value of x

Question 18

two ways energy is exchanged into surroundings

Answer 18

heat and work

Question 19

work

Answer 19

motion against an opposite force

Question 20

Delta work

Answer 20

-p x delta volume

Question 21

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 21

energy can be transferred between systems as either heat or work
energy can never be created or destroyed

Question 22

Delta U

Answer 22

delta Q + delta W

Question 23

Heat capacity

Answer 23

heat and temperature arent same thing

Delta Q = C x delta T

Question 24

C

Answer 24

heat capacity constant

depends on size of sample

Question 25

heat exchange

Answer 25

proportional to temperature change

Question 26

Extensive property

Answer 26

property with a value that depends on the size of the samples

Question 27

intensive property

Answer 27

property with a value independent of the size of the sample

Question 28

intensive property: specific heat capacity

Answer 28

divide heat capacity (extensive property) by mass of sample to form specific heat capacity (intensive)

Question 29

specific heat

Answer 29

C/m

Question 30

specific heat capacity - Delta Q

Answer 30

C x m x delta T

Question 31

Intensive property: molar heat capacity

Answer 31

divide heat capacity by molar amount of the sample to form molar heat capacity

Question 32

molar heat constant

Answer 32

C/n

Question 33

molar heat capacity - Delta Q

Answer 33

C x n x delta T