week seven

Question 1

The ‘future” tense

Answer 1

• as represented in conjugation charts, the English future morpheme is the modal auxiliary “will”
• except “will” is not just the future

Question 1

Future time sphere

Answer 1

• multitude of forms to express the future are not the future tense, they are called ‘post present’ ( simple present , present progressive, going to , be to )

Question 2

Modal : WILL

Answer 2

• key piece of the future conjugation
• can communicate volition or desire ( far more subjective than the conjugation)
  ex: My car won’t stars
• volition is more metaphorical

Question 3

WILL as TIME

Answer 3

• when a situation has yet to actualize but you are pretty certain it will. Expresses an assumption or a prediction
• it means that at the moment of speech you are making a prediction or assumption or reacting to an external factor

“Why don’t you come to the party? You’ll enjoy it!” (prediction)
“Shouldn’t you call her?” – “Nah, she won’t mind.” (assumption)
“These are buy one get one free” – “oh! I’ll take two then.” (reaction)

Question 4

WILL as MODAL

Answer 4

• you express volition or desire or willpower , you can use will to say you want something
• this means that will can be ambiguous

“I’ll help!” (offer)
“I won’t help.” (refusal)
“You will stop that at once!” (command)
“You will see him again, some day.” (promise)

Question 5

WILL BE

Answer 5

• will + progressive does not not necessarily have to express ongoingness it can just be used to clarify “time” will over “modal” will
• will + progressive used in future tense only

Question 6

Other future structures

Answer 6

• simple present : I leave tomorrow
  = preplanned events , the situation is not subjects to change
• present progressive : I am leaving tomorrow
  = personal arrangement , the situation can change
• going to : I am going to leave tomorrow
  = situation is the result of a present intention, or a prediction based on current evidence , nor arrangement have been made
• be to : I am going to leave tomorrow
  = situation is the result of an official plan or declaration that is being externally imposed , used in formal, legal English

Question 6

Future progressive

Answer 6

” she will be leaving on Thursday”

• the action is simply in the future and the progressive is added for clarity OR it will be ongoing in the future

Question 6

When can’t you use will ?

Answer 6

• in time clauses or if-clauses with future reference
  ’ll call you as soon as I receive his reply
  *I’ll call you as soon as I’ll receive his reply

( time clause introducers : after ; when ; if ; as soon as ; … )

Question 6

Will + perfect aspect

Answer 6

• recursivity of aspect : you can combine the perfect with the prog’ and any tense !
• link to the past based on future viewpoint : situation describes via a past relationship between the event time and a point of reference

Question 6

will have

Answer 6

• will + perfect = either past-time sphere or post-present time sphere
• past time : conclusion about a past situation
• post present : perfect action in the future